Agriculture and forestry

Mazur Olena Vasylivna – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of botany, genetics and plant protection, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str. 3, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0132-7470).

Dovgan Pavlo Olegovych is the director of the Separate Structural Unit "Cherniatinsky Vocational College" of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, https://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-9527-5469.

Soroka  Serhiy Yuriyovych is a postgraduate student at the Department of Botany, Genetics and Plant Protection of the Vinnytsia National Academy of Sciences (21008, Vinnytsia, 3 Sonyachna St., https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8248-6362).  

Maize is an important crop that is characterized by the maximum genetic yield potential compared to other grain crops. Ukraine is one of the world's leading producers and exporters of corn grain. Sown areas in Ukraine are about 5 million hectares in the country. This, in turn, ensures the collection of more than 30 million tons of grain, the lion's share is exported, which contributes to the development of the economy. However, a negative factor that significantly reduces the increase in grain production is crop weediness. Weeds use a large amount of moisture and nutrients from the soil. With a shortage of moisture and nutrients, the development of the cob slows down, plant sterility is noted. This, in turn, contributes to a decrease in the level of productivity and grain yield. Therefore, carrying out control measures of segetal vegetation is one of the main aspects of successful corn cultivation. The most effective research option was the combined application of soil (Primekstra TZ Gold) and insurance Elumis herbicides. In particular, the number of weeds decreased significantly and was 1.2 pcs./m2 for annual cereals, 1.8 pcs./m2 for dicots and no rhizome weeds. The increase in the density of plants to 85 thousand/ha contributed to the reduction of the number of weeds, for annual cereals - 0.8 pcs./m2, dicotyledons - 0.2 pcs./m2, respectively. Given the timing of sowing and the effective application of soil herbicides to wet soil, a sufficiently wet summer, soil herbicides worked well. In areas where only insurance Elumis was applied at the rate of 1.8 l/ha, the efficiency was also high enough due to the soil action of mesotrione, which works effectively with sufficient moisture supply and blocks the growth of dicotyledonous weeds. It is expected that the most effective scheme is marked with soil and insurance herbicides. It is important to note that, based on the collected data, there is a trend that the weediness of the site decreases as the density increases. In general, it can be concluded that the application of the scheme with mass and insurance herbicides and a density of 75 thousand/ha gave the best results in terms of yield, but the weather conditions in the current year were also a big factor in this. 

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