Agriculture and forestry

Gunko Iryna Vasylivna – Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Professor of the Department of Agricultural Engineering and Technical Service, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str.3, e-mail: maniy@ukr.net).

Kholodyuk Oleksandr Volodymyrovych – Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Agricultural Engineering and Technical Service, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str.3, e-mail: holodyk76@ukr.ner).

Nishchakov Igor Vitalievich – Assistant of the Department of Agroengineering and Technical Service, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str.3, e-mail: іhor956@gmail.com).

Today, there is a growing trend of transforming scientific research and development into innovative products that are subsequently sold on the domestic or global market. Products created by agricultural scientific or educational institutions are the result of creative collective intellectual activity, which is generally funded by the state budget. Therefore, such scientific products as "plant varieties" have a specific nature, represent the state’s scientific heritage, and should ensure Ukraine’s food security. This study presents the results of research on the state of intellectual property protection in the seed industry, an analysis of the existing regulatory framework, and a review of global experience in obtaining royalties as a mandatory payment for the use of intellectual property rights to plant varieties. The analysis of compliance with legal requirements in the field of seed production and the receipt of fair compensation for the use of new plant varieties has revealed the absence of clear rules for the state registration of license agreements and control over their implementation by domestic and foreign agricultural producers. According to the authors, an important marker for regulating this process is the establishment of a clear mechanism for royalty payments and the determination of fair royalty rates based on the actual cost of seed and planting material usage. As a result, these funds could be directed toward creating conditions that stimulate the development of competitive and high-quality plant varieties and the growth of the domestic agricultural market. Introducing a legal requirement for royalty payments on the use of varietal seeds for personal needs in regulatory acts, as well as intensifying Ukraine’s accession to the Seed Certification Schemes, will facilitate international trade in crop groups such as clover and similar species, grasses and legumes, and vegetables. Additionally, it will help develop a transparent mechanism for royalty collection. The establishment of a state order for the creation of new plant varieties of domestic selection, the financing of state examinations of plant varieties, and state programs to support seed production will contribute to the development of Ukrainian breeding and scientific activities.

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