Сільське господарство та лісівництво

Оleksandr Tkachuk, doctor of agricultural sciences, professor, head of the department of ecology and environmental protection of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (Str. Sunny, 3, Vinnitsa city, 21008. tel. 0679546095, e-mail: tkachukop@ukr.net, ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0647-6662).

Nadiya Viter, Doctor of Philosophy in Agronomy, Senior Lecturer at the Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (3 Sonyachna Street, Vinnytsia, 21008. tel. 0961089281, e-mail: viternadia5@gmail.com, ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000–0003–1436–9055).

Two-year cultivation of meadow clover on gray podzolized medium loam soils allows to increase the content of humus by 0.01%, mobile phosphorus by 2.5%, exchangeable potassium by 16.9%. Also, the share of agronomically valuable soil aggregates increases by 8.5%, the structural coefficient by 2.3, the share of water-resistant soil aggregates by 6.0% and the soil density decreases by 25.8%. At the same time, the content of alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen in the soil decreases by 1.5%. During the two-year cultivation of white sweet clover, there is an increase in the content of humus in the soil by 0.02%, mobile phosphorus by 4.4%, exchangeable potassium by 15.8%, an increase in the share of agronomically valuable soil aggregates by 0.1%, the structural coefficient by 0.1, the share of water-resistant soil aggregates by 37.3%, and there is soil loosening by 5.8% in terms of soil bulk density. However, there is a decrease in the content of alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen by 2.3%. Comparison of phytomeliorative potential regarding the positive impact on the agroecological condition of the soil of two-year cultivation of meadow clover and white sweet clover had shown that white sweet clover has an advantage in the accumulation of humus by 0.01%, mobile phosphorus - by 1.9% and an increase in the share of water-resistant soil aggregates by 31.3%. The cultivation of meadow clover is superior to white sweet clover in the accumulation of exchangeable potassium - by 1.1%, in the increase in the share of agronomically valuable soil aggregates by 8.4% and the structural coefficient - by 2.2, as well as in the amount of soil loosening by 20.0%. Therefore, growing of white sweet clover for phyto-ameliorative purposes will be more appropriate for a rapid increase in the soil content of humus, mobile phosphorus and the cessation of water erosion of the soil. At the same time, in order to solve quickly the problem of low soil supply with exchangeable potassium, soil flooding and destruction of its structure, as well as over-compaction, it is advisable to grow meadow clover. 

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