Agriculture and forestry

Vdovenko Serhiy Anatoliyovych – Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor of the Department of crop production and horticulture of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, 3 Sonyachna Street. e-mail: sloi@i.ua).

Samohval Valerij Oleksandrowych – graduate student of the Department of crop production and horticulture of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, 3 Sonyachna Street. email: samohval.1965@gmail.com.)

The article presents the research on garlic cultivation, which was conducted during 2023-2024 in the conditions of August V.A. using the varieties Sofiyivskyi, Prometei, Meref'yanskyi. Before planting, garlic was treated separately with a biological preparation: Sclerocide, Phytocide or Mycohelp or mycorrhizal preparation Mycofriend and planted in a row method according to the scheme 45x5 cm in the second decade of October. Plants of the Sofiyivsky variety, whose planting material was not treated with the biological product, were chosen as a control. Soil cultivation was carried out in accordance with the existing recommendations of the Institute of Vegetable and Melon Growing of NAAS for this growing zone with the addition of Ecostern classic at a dose of 2 l/ha before plowing. During the growing season, the plants were sprayed with the biological product Humifriend (0.9 l/ha) and Liposam (0.3 l/ha). The plots were randomized in triplicate.

As a result of the research, it was found that an increase in plant height and the number of leaves of garlic is possible when growing the Merefyansky variety using biological products with fungicidal action (Sclerocide, Fitocide, Mycohelp) and mycorrhizal action (Mycofriend), the plant height can increase up to 95 cm or 12%. The largest total number of leaves is formed by plants with the use of Phytocide (12.0 pcs.), Sclerocide (11.0 pcs.) and Mycofriend (11.5 pcs).The increase in bulb weight is observed during the cultivation of Merefyansky variety with the use of Phytocide (40 ml/kg), Mycohelp (20 ml/kg) and Mycofriend (30 ml/kg), where the weight is close to 60.0 and 65.0 g.When using Sclerocide (2 l/t), the bulb weight increases by only 11%.Pre-sowing treatment of planting material with Phytocide, Mycofriend or Sclerocide contributes to the formation of the tooth weight at the level of 10.0 and 9.0 g. When growing Merefyansky varieties and using Phytocide or Prometheus and treatment with Mycohelp, the tooth weight increases by 17-33%. The highest yield can be obtained by pre-sowing treatment of planting material with Mycofriend (30 ml/kg) with an indicator of 7.1 t/ha, and a decrease in yield is observed when using Sclerocide or Mycohelp (6.9 t/ha). The Merefyansky variety is characterized by high marketability. The use of biological products Sclerocide or Mycohelp or Mycofriend ensures a 95% marketability of the crop. When growing the Prometheus variety, high marketability of bulbs (90%) can be obtained by using Mycofriend. The highest protein value is characterized by the Merefyansky variety.The use of Sclerocide or Mycofriend increased the value to 22.3-22.7%, while the studied biological products did not affect the increase in raw sugar in the experiment.The highest nitrogen content was obtained when growing the Merefyansky variety using Mycohelp or Mycofriend, where the value increased to 3.5 and 3.6 g/kg of absolutely dry matter.At the same time, the highest phosphorus value (4.8-4.9 g/kg of absolutely dry matter) was established for Prometheus variety when using Sclerocide or Mycohelp or Mycofriend. Pre-sowing treatment of seed material with biological products and spraying the plant during the growing season with Humifrend and Liposam biological products does not contribute to the increase of mineral elements in the garlic bulb.

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