Agriculture and forestry

Kopelets Bogdan Volodymyrovich, PhD candidate Doctor of Philosophy of the Department of Breeding, Seed Production and Genetics, Poltava State Agrarian University (36003, Poltava, str. G. Skovоrody, 1/3).

Kulyk Мaksym Іvanovich, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor of the Department of Breeding, Seed Production and Genetics, Professor of the Poltava State Agrarian University (36003, Poltava, str. G. Skovоrody, 1/3e-mail: kulykmaksym@ukr.net).

Today, winter wheat is the main food crop in Ukraine and it occupies about 50 % of the grain balance of the country. Food security, national wealth and economic well-being of the population largely depend on the stability of its grain production. The study and selection of the most productive varieties that produce high grain yields and quality in a particular region will help to ensure sustainable crop yields every year. All these factors determine the relevance of the chosen topic for the research. During the field experiments (2022-2023), the appropriate methods (methods of experimental agronomy) and recommendations were used. The material for the research was 14 varieties of soft winter wheat: ʼAveniuʼ, ʼBohdanaʼ, ʼBohemiaʼ, ʼHorodnytsiaʼ, ʼDumaʼ ʼOdeskaʼ, ʼKubusʼ, ʼLytanivkaʼ, ʼNatalkaʼ, ʼPodoliankaʼ, ʼPoltavchankaʼ, ʼSmuhliankaʼ, ʼTrypilskaʼ, ʼShchedrist Odeskaʼ, and ʼChyhyrynkaʼ.Research results. On average, over two years, the winter wheat varieties ‘Bohemia’, ‘Podolianka’ and ‘Chyhyrynka’ produced the yields at the level of the standard (variety ‘Bohdana’, 6.5 t/ha) with LSD05 of 0.11. The varieties ‘Smuhlianka’ and ‘Shchedrist Odeska’ had the most significant increase in grain yields, by 0.2 and 0.4 t/ha, respectively. The highest content of protein in the grain (14.0 %) was found in the varieties: ‘Bohdana’, ‘Natalka’, ‘Podolianka’, ‘Chyhyrynka’ and ‘Shchedrist Odeska’. The highest gluten content (about 30.0 %) was provided by the varieties: ‘Bohdana’, ‘Bohemia’, ‘Chyhyrynka’ and ‘Shchedrіst Odeska’. Conclusions. Among the wheat varieties under study, the highest yields in agricultural production (at or above 6.2 t/ha) are provided by the varieties: ʼBohdanaʼ, ʼBohemiaʼ, ʼPodoliankaʼ, ʼChyhyrynkaʼ, ʼSmuhliankaʼ and ʼShchedrist Odeskaʼ. The varieties ʼBohdanaʼ, ʼBohemiaʼ, ʼPodoliankaʼ, ʼChyhyrynkaʼ, and ʼShchedrist Odeskaʼ developed high grain quality (at the level of 1-2 classes). The prospects for further research are to study the features of winter wheat yield formation depending on the varietal composition, seed size and elements of the yield structure, taking into account the improved elements of the cultivation technology.

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