Agriculture and forestry

Mykhailo Kryvulko is a postgraduate student at the Institute of Feed and Agriculture of Podillia NAAS (21100, Vinnytsia, Yunosti Ave. 16, e-mail: kryvulko96@ukr.net).

The main challenge in modern agricultural production of sunflower is the choice of a production system for growing sunflower and the level of weed infestation of crops, which significantly affect the yield and quality of its seeds. The article presents the results of scientific research on the effectiveness of production systems for growing sunflower during 2020-2022. Also, the effectiveness of using sunflower plant protection models was investigated. The impact of various plant protection systems in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe was assessed, which emphasizes the need to improve cultivation technologies taking into account the genetic potential of each hybrid. The importance of further research into the developmental biology of existing sunflower hybrids when using new synthetic weed control systems is emphasized. Experimental data on the influence of climatic conditions and organized factors on the formation of seed mass in sunflower hybrids is presented. It was established that in favorable years, the new synthetic weed control system showed high efficiency. However, in dry years, its effectiveness decreased. It was found that the Euro-lighting system demonstrated an inhibitory effect on the formation of seed mass in the basket compared to traditional systems. The obtained results of the study indicate that the optimal weed control strategy should take into account the biology of growth and development of sunflower hybrids and the existing weather conditions. It was found that the hybrid, the weed protection system and weather conditions were key factors affecting the level of seed yield.The mass of seeds in the basket and the value of sunflower seeds depends on both the action and the interaction of organized factors and the available hydrothermal resources of the forest -steppe of the Right Bank. The evaluation of production systems for growing sunflower hybrids shows their high economic efficiency.

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