Agriculture and forestry

Mazur Viktor – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Professor of the Department of crop production and garden, Rector of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Vice-President of ESPC Ukrainian Scientific-Educational Consortium (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna St.3, е-mail: rector@vsau.org, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9365-8682).

Natalia Shevchenko – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, associate professor of the department of plant production and horticulture, faculty of agronomy, horticulture and plant protection, educational and research institute of agricultural technologies and nature management, Vinnytsia national agrarian university (21008, Vinnytsia, Sonyachna st., 3 email: nataliashevchenko111@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0334-2044).

The article presents the results of field studies on the formation of productivity of maize hybrids depending on the mineral nutrition system and the application of foliar microfertilizers. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to improve the efficiency of nutrient use, ensure the realization of the genetic potential of modern maize hybrids, and meet the growing demand for grain as food, feed, and bioenergy raw material. The studies were conducted during 2022–2023 on the agricultural lands of the “Rybachenkove” farm located in the Haisyn district. The aim of the research was to determine the peculiarities of grain yield formation and the calculated bioethanol output of maize hybrids MAS 25F and MAS 24C depending on the type of nitrogen fertilizer, as well as the timing and frequency of foliar application of micronutrient fertilizers. The experimental design included the assessment of a fertilization background with N22P57K57 as a control and the same background supplemented with carbamide, combined with foliar application of the micronutrient fertilizer Wonder Leaf Mono Zn 8 at the phenological stages of 5–7 and/or 7–9 leaves. The results of the study showed that the combination of carbamide with foliar fertilization at the 5–7 leaf stage provided the highest grain yield, averaging 9.0 t/ha for both investigated hybrids, which exceeded the control by 1.7 t/ha or 23%. Foliar feeding at the 7–9 leaf stage resulted in a lower but stable yield increase of 10–15%, while double application ensured a yield increase of 14–19%. The maximum calculated bioethanol output, up to 3.5 t/ha, was obtained with foliar micronutrient application at the 5–7 leaf stage. Variance analysis revealed that fertilization was the dominant factor influencing productivity (43%), whereas the contribution of the hybrid factor accounted for 33%.

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