Сільське господарство та лісівництво

Alekseev Oleksiy Oleksandrovich − candidate of agricultural sciences, associate professor department of ecology and environmental protection of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. (Sonyachna 3, Vinnytsia, 21008. tel. 0685150631. e-mail: alekseev_oleksiy@ukr.net).

Petriyanchuk Lilia Hryhorivna − graduate student of the Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. (Sonyachna 3, Vinnytsia, 21008. tel. 0681615271. e-mail: liliapetrianchuk999@ukr.net).

In production conditions, the average yield of pepper varieties is lower and is 25-30 t/ha, but it can be 40-45 t/ha with proper care. The average yield of bitter pepper with proper care is 20-25 t/ha. In modern greenhouses, it can be much higher and amount to 100-200 t/ha. Sweet pepper responds well to mineral and organic fertilizers, but the most effective is the complex application of these types of fertilizers. Sweet pepper should be fed for the first time 10-12 days after planting. In the period before flowering, it is better to divide the application of nitrogen fertilizers into several feedings, so as not to apply a large dose at once. An overdose of nitrogen causes an intensive growth of ground green mass and delays the ripening of fruits. Magnesium is very important for salad peppers. Its lack in the soil can lead to the death of leaves, a decrease in yield and product quality. The purpose of the research is to establish the determining factors of formation of high productivity of pepper. The research was conducted on the basis of processing literary sources on the topic of the article.There are 5 classifications of pepper varieties: according to the method of creation; according to taste; by the content of alkaloid capsaicin; by the color of the fruits; by the nature of stem branching. Pepper is grown using the following technologies: in field conditions without irrigation (in regions with sufficient moisture); in field conditions with irrigation; in field conditions with drip irrigation; in field conditions with drip irrigation and covering the soil with polymeric materials; in field conditions with drip irrigation and covering the soil with straw or other plant mulch; in tunnels made of film; in spunbond tunnels; in film greenhouses; in spunbond greenhouses (agrofibre); in glass greenhouses; in high-tech greenhouses with hydroponics and fully controlled climate and automation of all processes. The pepper fertilization system can be organo-mineral, which involves the use of organic and mineral fertilizers, or biological, which includes the use of biostimulants, foliar feeding, including trace elements and anti-stressors.

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