Agriculture and forestry

Zhemoida Vitali – candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Professor of Genetics, Breeding and Seed Production prof. M. O. Zelensky department, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (03041, Kyiv, Silskohospodarskyi l. 1, apt. 29, e-mail: wisena.seeds@gmail.com).

Riabyi Mykyta – Master of Agronomy, Department of Genetics, Breeding and Seed Production prof. M. O. Zelensky, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (03083, Kyiv, Nauky Avenue 72, apt. 45, e-mail: nikitabon244@gmail.com).

Spriazhka Roman – Senior Lecturer Genetics, Breeding and Seed Production prof. M. O. Zelensky department, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (02160, Kyiv, Kharkivske Shose str. 18/1, f. 67, e-mail: roman.spriazhka@nubip.edu.ua).

Makarchuk Oleksandr – candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Head of Genetics, Breeding and Seed Production prof. M. O. Zelensky department, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (03041, Kyiv, Generala Rodimtceva str. 1a, e-mail: mcar2010@ukr.net).

Maize is one of the most productive and versatile cereal crops, outperforming other crops in terms of yield. The steady demand for maize grain contributes to the expansion of its cultivated area both in Ukraine and globally. In Ukraine, a significant portion of maize cultivation is concentrated in regions with soil moisture deficits and high temperature regimes. Global climate change is shifting the classical maize belt from the south to the northern regions of the country. As a result, breeders face the challenge of developing hybrids with high cold tolerance that maintain good germination rates when grown in northern regions of Ukraine. This can be achieved by evaluating the initial material (inbred lines) for cold tolerance and selecting the most resilient genotypes. The study involved 7 self-pollinated lines and 12 maize hybrids. The collection of inbred lines with enhanced grain quality was assessed under laboratory conditions. The lines Kharkivska 215 zM, AK 159, FV 243, HLG 179, and UНK 754 were identified as having a high germination rate under cold-test conditions (89.3 % – 95.5 %) along with a high content of protein, starch, and oil. Under field conditions, these lines demonstrated germination rates of 85.0 % – 88.9 %, while the highest field germination was recorded in the hybrids AK 157 × Kharkivska 215 zM, AK 157 × UНK 754, and AK 159 × Kharkivska 215 zM (92.5 % – 96.3 %). The highest grain yield among lines was observed in LNAU 18, FV 243, and AK 157 (74.7 % – 83.7 %). The maximum 1000-kernel weight was recorded in UНK 754 (308.4 g). In hybrids, the grain yield of FV 243 × HLG 179 and AK 157 × AK 159 ranged between 87.3 % and 90.5 %, with the highest 1000-kernel weight found in AK 159 × AK 157 (386.3 g). The hybrids AK 159 × AK 157 and FV 243 × HLG 179 achieved yields of 9.76 – 9.90 t/ha, exceeding the reference standard.

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