Agriculture and forestry

Ihor Didur  – Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Acting the director of the Institute of Agricultural Technologies and Nature Management of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Soniachna Str. 3, Vinnytsia, email: didurihor@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6612-6592).

The purpose of the study is to economically substantiate the elements of the technology for growing onions, which is one of the most valuable and widespread vegetable crops in Ukraine and the world, is characterized by high nutritional and medicinal properties, contains a significant amount of vitamins, minerals, essential oils and phytoncides. The population's need for onions was analyzed and it was found that the recommended annual consumption rate is about 10 kg, but actual consumption satisfies the need only partially. It was proven that the main problem is longterm storage of products in the winter-spring period, since diseases reduce marketability, keeping quality and crop volumes, which affects the economic efficiency of production. Scientific sources were analyzed and it was found that the economic efficiency of onion cultivation is determined by the quality of seeds, the choice of variety or hybrid, soil preparation technology, fertilizer application and plant protection. It has been proven that yield is a key indicator of production efficiency, since its increase reduces labor intensity, cost and increases profitability. Experimental field studies in the conditions of the Agronomic Research Institute of the Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences established that the yield of the Meduza F1 hybrid was 17 t/ha and depended on weather conditions, varietal characteristics and technological factors. It is proven that at a cost price of 5082.48 UAH/t and a sales price of 4000 UAH/t, production is unprofitable. It is proven that an increase in the sales price to a level not lower than the cost price is a critical condition for ensuring profitability, while increasing yield or optimizing costs can significantly improve the economic indicators of the industry. The sale of products for 5 UAH/kg only partially compensates for the costs incurred, providing an almost break-even result (profitability -1.6%). Only at prices of 6 UAH/kg does onion production become economically feasible, providing a profit of 15,59 thousand UAH/ha and a profitability level of 18,0%. Based on the data obtained, it was established that increasing the economic efficiency of onion cultivation is possible only by increasing yield through improving agricultural technology, using high-quality seeds, optimized technology for fertilizer application and plant protection, as well as observing optimal planting and plant care times.

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