Agriculture and forestry

Didur Ihor – Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Acting the director of the Institute of Agricultural Technologies and Nature Management of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Soniachna Str. 3, Vinnytsia, email: didurihor@gmail.com).

Zyuzko Leonid – a postgraduate student at the Department of Agriculture, Soil Science and Agrochemistry of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Sonyachna St., 3. Email: zyleonid@gmail.com).

Holovaniuk Andriy – a postgraduate student at the Department of Agriculture, Soil Science and Agrochemistry of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Sonyachna St., 3. Email: holovaniuk@gmail.com).

The purpose of the study is to analyze all components of production costs using the example of soybean seed cultivation and outline possible areas for reducing costs to increase the economic efficiency of production. Experimental field studies were conducted in the conditions of the scientific research farm «Agronomichne» of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. Studies conducted in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe on gray forest soils showed that the level of soybean seed yield largely depended on the hydrothermal conditions of the years of research and the factors studied, in particular pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar feeding. The relevance of the research is supported by the implementation of state-level tasks, financed by the state budget on the topic: «Development of environmentally friendly technologies for growing bioenergy crops to ensure energy independence and soil conservation for the formation of climate neutrality». The theoretical and methodological basis of the calculations was a systematic approach and individual aspects of biologized cultivation technology were studied to reduce production costs and increase the level of economic efficiency of soybean seed production in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe. The results of the calculations indicate that pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar feeding significantly affected the level of economic efficiency of soybean seed cultivation. On average, over the years of research, total production costs, depending on the experiment variant, fluctuated within 14836-16253 UAH/ha, which is due to the degree of saturation of the technological model with the relevant elements (at 2024 prices). Economic analysis of the obtained data confirmed the feasibility of introducing biologized elements into the soybean nutrition system. The highest economic efficiency was demonstrated by the cultivation technology model, which included pre-sowing seed treatment with the preparation «Bioinoculant BTU» (2 l/t) in combination with two foliar top dressings with the organo-mineral fertilizer «Helprost Soya» (2.5 l/ha) in the development phases: the third tripartite leaf and budding. The use of this option provided the maximum conditional net profit, at the level of 20216 UAH/ha and the highest level of profitability – 124.8%. The most effective from an economic point of view is the soybean growing technology model, which involves the application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N45P45K45, the application of the biological fertilizer Graunfix 5 l/ha in pre-sowing cultivation and seed treatment with the drug Mycofriend (1.5 l/ha), which provides a maximum level of profitability of 125%.

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