Agriculture and forestry

Okrushko Svetlana Evgenivna – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences (PhD), Senior Lecturer of the Department of Botany, Genetics and Plant Protection of Vinnitsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnitsia, Soniachna Str. 3, e-mail: osy@vsau.vin.ua).

Yakovets Liudmyla – сandidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior lecturer of the, Department of Botany, Genetics and Plant Protection of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna St. 3, e. mail: ludmila28334@gmail.com).

The article summarizes the results of studying the joint cultivation of seed carrots, vegetable peas and onions. The purpose of our study was to establish the mutual influence of species on pathogens of experimental crops and the processes of yield formation. During two years of research, we determined the biometric parameters of cultivated plants, their susceptibility to pathogens, yield and marketable product yield. The research revealed that in the variants with alternating rows of carrots, peas and onions, plant disease damage was reduced compared to single-species crops of these crops. According to a 4-point scale of intensity of plant disease damage, the experiment found that single-species vegetable pea crops had 2 points of ascochitosis and 1 point of septoria. In binary cultivation with carrots and onions, ascochitosis damage to peas decreased to 1 point, and signs of septoria in the variant with onions were absent. The neighborhood of carrots with vegetable peas reduced the incidence of Alternaria from 2 points to 1, and with onions – no plants affected by this disease were found at all. Onion phytoncides inhibited the development and spread of powdery mildew pathogens, which, compared to the control variant, reduced the incidence of carrot plants with this disease from 2 points to 1. The binary placement had no effect on the incidence of onion peronosporosis. But the neighborhood with carrots ensured the absence of signs of Alternaria. The phytoncidal protection against diseases in binary crops was not enough to generate significantly higher yields for all experimental crops. The growth of grain, root crops and bulbs in the combined crops was insignificant. Only a statistically significant decrease in the yield of vegetable peas was recorded when grown together with onions. The marketability of carrot roots and onion bulbs in the binary placement variants increased by 0,2% and 0,7%.

1. Pospyelov S.V., Samorodov V.M., Onipko V.V., Kalashnik O.P. (2024). Binarni posivy yak element stabilizatsiyi ahroekosystemy [Binary crops as an element of agroecosystem stabilization]. Scientific Progress & Innovations. № 27 (3). 12–18. https://doi.org/10.31210/spi2024.27.03.02 [in Ukrainian].

2. Bohdanov V.O., Zavertalyuk V.F. (2017). Vyroshchuvannya tomata za ushchilʹnennya posivu tsybuleyu shalotom ta kukurudzoyu tsukrovoyu [Growing tomatoes by compacting the crop with shallots and sweet corn]. Suchasnyy stan ta perspektyvy rozvytku ovochivnytstva. Materialy mizhnarodnoyi naukovopraktychnoyi konferentsiyi (26 lypnya 2017 r., s. Selektsiyne Kharkivsʹkoyi obl.). Instytut ovochivnytstva i bashtannytstva NAAN. Pleyada. 45–46. [in Ukrainian].

3. Mazur V.A., Tkachuk O.P., Yakovetsʹ L.A. (2020). Ekolohichna bezpeka zernovoyi ta zernobobovoyi produktsiyi [Environmental safety of grain and legume products]. Monohrafiya. Vinnytsya: Tvory. 442. [in Ukrainian].

4. Shcherbyna S.O., Datsenko S.M., Hordiyenko I.M. (2017). Suchasnyy stan ta perspektyvy rozvytku ovochivnytstva [Current state and prospects for the development of vegetable growing]. Materialy mizhnarodnoyi naukovopraktychnoyi konferentsiyi (26 lypnya 2017 r., s. Selektsiyne Kharkivsʹkoyi obl.). Instytut ovochivnytstva i bashtannytstva NAAN. Pleyada. 229–230. [in Ukrainian].

5. Meteopost. Statystyka pohody. (2025). Klimatychni dani za rokamy ta misyatsyamy [Climatic data by year and month]. URL: https://meteopost.com/weather/climate/ (data zvernennya: 20.03.2025). [in Ukrainian].

6. Mazur V.A., Honcharuk I.V., Pantsyreva H.V., Telekalo N.V. (2020). Ahroekolohichne obgruntuvannya tekhnolohichnykh pryyomiv vyroshchuvannya zernobobovykh kulʹtur [Agroecological substantiation of technological methods of growing legume crops]. Monohrafiya. Vinnytsya: Tvory. 192. [in Ukrainian].

7. Palamarchuk I.I. (2023). Biolohichni osoblyvosti ta vrozhaynistʹ sortiv horokhu ovochevoho v umovakh Lisostepu pravoberezhnoho [Biological features and yield of vegetable pea varieties in the conditions of the Right-bank Forest-Steppe]. Silske hospodarstvo ta lisivnytstvo – Agriculture and forestry. № 3 (30). 175–186. DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2023-3-13 [in Ukrainian].

8. Sokol T.V., Vasylenko A.O., Bezuhlyy I.M. (2015). Nasinnyeva infektsiya horokhu v umovakh skhidnoyi chastyny lisostepu Ukrayiny [Seed infection of peas in the conditions of the eastern part of the forest-steppe of Ukraine] Visnyk Kharkivskoho natsionalnoho ahrarnoho universytetu – Bulletin of the Kharkiv National Agrarian University. № 1–2. 146–150. [in Ukrainian].

9. Pavlenko M., Kovalenko V., Pikovska O., Tonkha O. (2025). Productivity of binary crops under the application of different cultivation technology elements. Plant and Soil Science. Vol. 16 (1). P. 61–73. https://doi.org/10.31548/plant1.2025.61 [in English].

10. Zakharchenko E., Adamchyk Y., Yakovets L., Kovalenko N., Bahorka M., Yurchenko N., Kovalenko V., Kalnaguz A., Horpynchenko O., Zheldubovskyi M. (2025). Agrotechnological and marketing evaluation of urea-ammonia nitrate application in growing crops in Ukraine. Modern Phytomorphology. Vol. 19. Р. 194–199. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15301255 [in English].

11. Mousaei S.M. (2023) Mixed cropping with companion crops. [in English].

12. Jevtić R., Župunski V, Grčak M, Živančev D, Knežević D. (2023). Cereal-Pea Intercropping Reveals Variability in the Relationships among Yield, Quality Parameters, and Obligate Pathogens Infection in Wheat, Rye, Oat, and Triticale, in a Temperate Environment. Plants (Basel). Vol. 12 (11). P. 25–31. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12112067 [in English].

13. Demydas H. І., Poltoretskyi S. P., Burko L. М., Veiler S. S. Binary sowings as a basis for the intensification of fodder production industry. Collection of scientific papers of the Uman National University of Horticulture. 2020. Vol. 97. P.16–22. DOI: 10.31395/2415-8240-2020-97-1-16-22 [in English].

14. Blazewicz-Woźniak M., Wach D. (2011). The effect of intercropping on yielding of root vegetables of Apiaceae family. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum, Hortorum Cultus. Vol.10. P. 233–243. [in English].

15. Gao, J. & Zhang, F. (2023). Influence of companion planting on microbial compositions and their symbiotic network in pepper continuous cropping soil. Journal of Microbiol Biotechnol. Vol. 33 (6). P. 760–770. https://doi.org/10.4014 /jmb.2211.11032 [in English].

16. Mostovenko V., Mazur O., Didur I., Kupchuk I., Voloshyna O., Mazur O. (2022). Garden pea yield and its quality indicators depending on the technological methods of growing in conditions of Vinnytsia region. Acta fytotechnica et zootechnica. Vol. 25 (3). P. 226–241. DOI.org/10.15414/afz.2022.25.03.226-241. [in English].

17. Annan E.N., Nyamesorto B., Yan Q., McPhee K., Huang L. (2023). Optimized high throughput Ascochyta blight screening protocols and immunity to A. pisi in Pea. Pathogens. Vol. 12. P. 2–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12030494. [in English].

18. Foresto E., Carezzano E., Giordano W., Bogino P. (2023). Ascochyta blight in chickpea: an update. Jornal of Fungi (Basel). Vol. 9. P. 25-33. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9020203 [in English].

19. Jaskulska I., Jaskulski D., & Gałęzewski L. (2022). Peas and barley grown in the strip-till one pass technology as row intercropping components in sustainable crop production. Agriculture. Vol. 12(2). P. 229–241. doi: 10.3390/agriculture1202 0229 [in English].

20. Petrychenko V., Didur I., Pantsyreva H., Volynets Y. (2025). Agroecological assessment of technologies for growing legumes. Ecological Engineering and Environmental Technology. Vol. 26 (3). P. 393–403. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/202749. [in English].

21. Scavo A., Fontanazza S., Restuccia A., Pesce G.P., Abbate C., Mauromicale G. (2022). The role of cover crops in improving soil fertility and plant nutritional status in temperate climates. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. Vol. 42 (5). P. 2–25. DOI: 10.1007/s13593022-00825-0. [in English].

22. Owati A., Agindotan B., Burrows M. (2020). Characterization of fungal species associated with Ascochyta Blight of dry pea in Montana and north America and development of a differential medium for their detection. Plant Health Progress. Vol. 21 (4). P. 262–271. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-05-20-0037-RS. [in English].

23. Vdovenko S., Palamarchuk I., Mazur O., Mazur O., Mulyarchuk O. (2024) Organic cultivation of carrot in the right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Scientific Horizons. Vol. 27 № 1. P. 62–70. DOI:https://doi.org/10.48077/ scihor1. 2024.62. [in English].