Agriculture and forestry

Neyko Ihor – Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Sеnior Rеsеarchеr of SЕ «Vinnytsia Forеst Rеsеarch Station» (21036, Vinnytsia, Pravednykiv Svitu St., 39. e-mail: ihor_neyko@ukr.nеt, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4473-540X).

Matusiak Mikhailo – Сandidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Forestry and Horticulture, Faculty of Ecology, Forestry and Horticulture, Educational and Scientific Institute of Agricultural Technologies and Nature Management of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsya, Soniachna st. 3. e-mail: mikhailo1988@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8099-7290).

Neyko Olena – junior researcher of SЕ «Vinnytsia Forеst Rеsеarch Station» (21036, м. Вінниця, вул. Праведників Світу, 39. е-mail: olena.kolchanova@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5136-1246).

Vradii Oksana – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Ecology, Forestry and Horticulture, Educational and Scientific Institute of Agricultural Technologies and Nature Management of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, 3, Soniachna St., e-mail: oksanavradii@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7383-3829).

Alieksieiev Oleksii – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Ecology, Forestry and Horticulture, Educational and Scientific Institute of Agricultural Technologies and Nature Management of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, 3, Soniachna St., e-mail: alekseev_oleksiy@ukr. net, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5807-4932).

The article presents the results of long-term studies of the condition and reproductive functions of trees in a clonal plantation of Pinus sylvestris L. of Finnish origin, located within the Lityn Forestry of the Vinnytsia Forestry District. Regular observations were conducted during 2012–2025, using data from previous observation periods (1994–1999, 2010–2011). The main attention was focused on indicators of tree survival, the intensity of formation of reproductive structures (macrostrobili) and the assessment of the general physiological state of different Scots pine genotypes. At the time of registration in 2025, the survival of trees was about 94%. Of the initial number of 413 individuals, only 22 died, which indicates a high viability and stability of the plantation. The greatest loss was recorded in clones E2312 (33.3%), E2257 (20.0%) and K801 (20.0%), while most genotypes, including local populations, are characterized by 100% survival. This indicates the heterogeneity of the adaptive potential of different genotypes and the significant role of hereditary variability in ensuring the stability of the plantation. The results of tree-by-tree records of macrostrobil formation showed significant differences in the level of reproductive activity of clones. During 2010–2025, clones E80, E709, E2209, K818 and the local population were distinguished by a consistently high intensity of cone formation. The average intensity of cone formation ranged from 0.6–2.0 points, and in the most productive genotypes (E80, E709) it exceeded 2.0 points. Low seeding intensity was characterized by clones K684 and K912 (1.1–1.3 points). Depending on weather conditions, individual genotypes showed a tendency to improve reproductive characteristics in the dynamics of the years, which indicates the plasticity of the response to climatic factors. In 2025, the average level of formation of 1-year-old cones on the plantation was 2.2 points. The highest reproductive activity was recorded in clones E1881, E2125, E80 and local control (2.8–2.9 points). The maximum intensity values (up to 4 points) were observed in clones E2125 and E80. In terms of the formation of 2-year-old cones, the highest indicators were observed for the genotypes E620, E627, E80 and K818, with an average level of 3.0–4.4 points, while the minimum values (1.9 points) were characteristic of the clones E1944 and K294. The genotype E80 was consistently among the most productive for both 1-year-old and 2-year-old cones, which gives grounds to consider it one of the most promising for use in breeding programs. The physiological condition of the trees on the plantation is generally assessed as good. The average category of tree condition in 2025 was 1.3 points, which corresponds to a satisfactory level. The best condition (1.0 point) was characterized by clones E2209, E2312, E615A, E616D and the local control. At the same time, the deterioration of the condition was observed in clones E2226, K294, K801 and K919 (1.7–2.8 points). Particularly pronounced weakening was recorded along the perimeter of the site, where the action of abiotic and biotic stressors is more intense. The generalized results indicate that Pinus sylvestris L. of Finnish origin demonstrates high adaptive capacity to the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Despite local fluctuations in the condition and productivity of individual clones, the plantation generally retains stability and a good level of reproductive processes. The average reproduction score for the two-year cycle is 2.7, which indicates sufficient potential productivity and the possibility of using the studied genotypes as donors in seed breeding programs.

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