Сільське господарство та лісівництво

Rudska Nina Oleksandrіvna – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of botany, genetics and plant protection, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str. 3, e-mail: nina.rudska@gmail.com, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5771-407X).

Kolisnyk Oleg Mykolayovych − Сandidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Botany, Genetics and Plant Protection, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna St. 3, e-mail: ooov@i.ua, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1769-952X).

This article presents the results of research aimed at improving the key elements of weed control in сorn crops. Optimal tank mixtures and combinations of modern pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides were identified.  It was established that a mixed type of weed infestation is formed in the maize agrocenosis, with late spring weeds dominating the structure and accounting for 70,6%. The share of overwintering species was significantly lower (12,8%), followed by early spring weeds (7,6%) and ephemeral species (5,2%). The proportion of perennial weeds was insignificant and represented by root-suckering species (2,1%), rhizomatous species (0,8%), fibrous-rooted species (0,6%), and tap-rooted species (0,4%). The highest emergence of weed seedlings was observed during the period from May 30 to June 20. The highest technical efficiency of weed control (97,5–99,7%) was achieved by combining pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides in the following system: Frontier Optima (1,2 l/ha (applied before sowing) + Stellar – 1,25 l /ha in combination with the adjuvant Metolat – 1,25 l /ha (applied at the crop emergence stage). To limit weed development, the most effective were protection systems that combined soil and foliar action, in particular: Stellar – 0,8 l/ha + Frontier Optima (0,8 l /ha + Metolat adjuvant – 0,8 l /ha, as well as Kelvin Plus – 0,3 kg/ha + Frontier Optima (– 0,8 l /ha in combination with the adjuvant Hasten – 1,0 l /ha. The highest grain yield of maize–8,02–7,85 t/ha–was obtained with the combined use of soil-applied and post-emergence herbicides: Frontier Optima (pre-sowing) + Kelvin Plus with the adjuvant Hasten (post-emergence) and Double Try (pre-sowing) + Stellar with the adjuvant Metolat (post-emergence). Under these treatments, the preserved yield amounted to 3,62–3,79 t/ha, whereas in the control it was 4,23 t/ha. Among the mixtures of post-emergence herbicides, the treatment : Frontier Optima + Stellar + Metolat was distinguished, providing a yield of 7,69 t/ha. With the autonomous application of Stellar and Kelvin Plus, grain yield reached 7,49 t/ha and 7,69 t/ha, respectively.

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