Сільське господарство та лісівництво

Nataliia Yatsenko, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Vegetable Growing, Uman National University of Horticulture (1 Instytutska St., Uman, Ukraine, 20301; e-mail: ascience@ukr.net, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3752-314X).

Viacheslav Yatsenko, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Crop Production, Uman National University of Horticulture (1 Instytutska St., Uman, Ukraine, 20301; e-mail: slaviksklavin16@gmail.com, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2989-0564)

The article presents the results of a long-term study on the adaptive and productive potential of tomato varieties and hybrids under the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The aim of the research was to evaluate yield performance, ecological plasticity, stability, and breeding value of genotypes, as well as to develop a scientifically substantiated model of a variety/hybrid suitable for modern cultivation conditions. The objects of the study included Ukrainian-bred varieties (Lahidnyi – control, Anita, Aisan, Heizer, Liubymyi, Myroliubivskyi, Oberih, Khoriv) and hybrids (Vulkan, Daruna, Klasik), which were investigated during 2018–2020 and 2023–2025. It was established that the main limiting factor of productivity was moisture deficiency under conditions of significant interannual variability in precipitation. The most favorable years for yield formation were 2023 and 2025, when average yields reached 57.82–70.40 t/ha. The highest productivity was demonstrated by the varieties Khoriv (63.5 t/ha), Liubymyi (61.5 t/ha), and the hybrids Vulkan (64.7 t/ha) and Klasik (59.9 t/ha), which significantly exceeded the control. Based on adaptability parameters (σ²d, bi, KAA, Hom), genotypes with high ecological plasticity and stability were identified, namely Khoriv, Liubymyi, Heizer, Vulkan, Klasik, and Daruna. These genotypes are characterized by a wide reaction norm, the ability to effectively realize their genetic potential under variable environmental conditions, and stable yield formation. It was found that highly productive genotypes exhibit an intensive type of adaptability, while some forms demonstrate stabilizing adaptation. Based on the obtained results, a model of a tomato variety and hybrid was developed, which предусматриє the optimization of morphological and economically valuable traits using regression relationships between plant structural elements. The proposed models ensure yield formation at the level of 55–60 t/ha and higher, improve fruit quality, and increase resource-use efficiency. The research findings have practical significance for breeding and production, as they allow recommending high-yielding and adaptive genotypes for different growing conditions and substantiate directions for further improvement of breeding programs.

1. Natalini A., Acciarri N., Cardi T. (2021). Breeding for Nutritional and Organoleptic Quality in Vegetable Crops: The Case of Tomato and Cauliflower. Agriculture, Vol. 11, Issue 7. P. 606. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ agriculture11070606 [in English]. 

2. Bian S., Zhou J., Gao Q., Yi C., Chen W., Huang F. (2025). Simultaneous Identification on Tomato Variety and Maturity Based on Local and Global Feature Fusion. Sensors, Vol. 25, Issue 23. P. 7313. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s25237313 [in English]. 

3. Phan N.T., Kim M., Sim S. (2016). Genetic variations of F1 tomato cultivars revealed by a core set of SSR and InDel markers. Scientia Horticulturae, Vol. 212,  P. 155–161. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2016.09.043. [in English]. 

4. Radzevičius A., Šikšnianienė J.B., Karklelienė R., Juškevičienė D., Antanynienė R., Misiukevičius E., Starkus A., Stanys V., Frercks B. (2024). Characterization of Lithuanian Tomato Varieties and Hybrids Using Phenotypic Traits and Molecular Markers. Plants, Vol. 13, Issue 15. P. 2143. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13152143 [in English]. 

5. Collins E.J., Bowyer C., Tsouza A., Chopra M. Tomatoes: An Extensive Review of the Associated Health and Their Cultivation. Biology. 2022. Vol. 11, Issue 2. P. 239.  DOI: https://doi:10.3390/biology11020239 [in English]. 

6. Foolad M.R. Genome Mapping and Molecular Breeding of Tomato. International Journal of Plant Genomics. 2007. Issue 1. P. 52. DOI: 10.1155/2007/64358 [in English]. 

7. Yang Q., Cai L., Wang M., Gan G., Li W., Li W., Jiang Y., Yuan Q., Qin C., Yu C., Wang Y. (2025). CRISPR/Cas9 Allows for the Quick Improvement of Tomato Firmness Breeding. Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Vol. 47, Issue 1. P. 9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47010009 [in English]. 

8. Cruz-Chamorro I., Santos-Sánchez G., Martín F., Fernández-Pachón M.-S., Hornero-Méndez D., Cerrillo I. (2024). Evaluation of the Impact of the Ripening Stage on the Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Fruits from Organically Grown Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Spanish Varieties. Foods, Vol. 13, Issue 15. P. 2337. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13152337 [in English]. 

9. Makhadmeh I.M., Thabet S.G., Ali M., Alabbadi B., Albalasmeh A., Alqudah A.M. (2022). Exploring genetic variation among Jordanian Solanum lycopersicon L. landraces and their performance under salt stress using SSR markers. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Vol. 20, Issue 1.  P. 45. DOI:  https://doi.org/ 10.1186/ s43141-022-00327-2. [in English]. 

10. Olivieri F., Mancini L., Farinon B., Picarella M.E., Mazzucato A. (2026). Reproductive Diversity in Cultivated Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.): Relationships Among Floral, Fruit and Seed Traits. Plants, Vol 15. Issue 6, P. 878. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15060878 [in English]. 

11. Villanueva-Gutierrez E.E., Johansson E., Prieto-Linde M.L., Centellas Quezada A., Olsson M.E. (2022). Simple Sequence Repeat Markers Reveal Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Bolivian Wild and Cultivated Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Genes, Vol. 13,  Issue 9. P. 1505. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ genes13091505 [in English]. 

12. Brake M., Al-Qadumii L., Hamasha H., Migdadi H., Awad A., Haddad N., Sadder M.T. (2022). Development of SSR Markers Linked to Stress Responsive Genes along Tomato Chromosome 3 (Solanum lycopersicum L.). BioTech, Vol. 11, Issue 3.   P. 34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/biotech11030034 [in English]. 

13. Yatsenko V.V. (2024). Modelʹ sortu chasnyku, rozroblena na osnovi kolektsii henotypiv Umanskoho natsionalʹnoho universytetu sadi͡vnytstva [Garlic variety model developed based on the collection of genotypes of Uman National University of Horticulture]. Visnyk Umanskoho natsionalʹnoho universytetu sadi͡vnytstva − Bulletin of the Uman National University of Horticulture, 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32782/ 2310-0478-2024-2-18-25 [in Ukrainian].

14. Yatsenko N.V., Yatsenko V.V., Feschenko V.V., Chubko O.P., Nevlad V.I., Ostapchuk V.V. (2024). Adaptivna minlyvistʹ hibrydiv pomidora u Pravoberezhnomu Lisostepu Ukrainy [Adaptive variability of tomato hybrids in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine]. Visnyk Umanskoho natsionalʹnoho universytetu sadi͡vnytstva − Bulletin of the Uman National University of Horticulture. 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32782/2310-0478-2024-2-26-33 [in Ukrainian].