Agriculture and forestry

Palamarchuk Vitalii Dmytrovych – Doctor of agricultural sciences, associate professor of the department of plant production and horticulture, faculty of agronomy, horticulture and plant protection, educational and research institute of agricultural technologies and nature management, Vinnytsia national agrarian university (21008, Vinnytsia, Sonyachna st., 3 email: vd-palamarchuk@ukr.net).

Skakun Mykhailo Vasylovych – a postgraduate student at the Department of Crop Production and Horticulture, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Protection, Educational and Scientific Institute of Agrotechnologies and Environmental Management, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Sonyachna Street, 3. email: mykhaylo.skakun@kws.com).

The article presents the results of a study on the impact of different fertilization schemes used in the cultivation technology of various maize hybrids from different maturity groups on the formation of key morphological traits, such as plant height and ear placement height. The soil of the experimental plot is classified as grey forest soil with a light loamy mechanical composition. The study involved maize hybrids of different maturity groups: early medium – Amaros (FAO 230), P8754 (FAO 240), Bigbit (FAO 290), Bohatyr (FAO 290); medium – KWS 381 (FAO 350), KWS Intelligence (FAO 380); and medium-late – DN Anshlah (FAO 420), P0217 AQ (FAO 460), under the application of various fertilization treatments. We established a correlation between plant height and the placement of economically valuable ears in the studied maize hybrids. Specifically, an increase in plant size contributed to a higher ear placement on the plant. Among the studied hybrids, the greatest values for both plant height and ear attachment height were observed in the hybrids with the longest vegetation period – DN Anshlah (FAO 420) with 286.1 cm and 133.9 cm, and P0217 (FAO 460) with 291.9 cm and 134.0 cm, respectively. These findings fully confirm data from scientific literature, which indicate a consistent pattern in the development of linear traits in maize hybrids depending on their maturity group – namely, that a longer vegetation period is associated with increased plant height and ear placement height. In 2024, due to a prolonged period of moisture deficit and high temperatures during the months of June to August, a general decline in the intensity of growth processes was observed in the studied maize hybrids of various maturity groups. As a result, this negatively affected plant height, which averaged 256.8 cm, and the height of ear placement, which was recorded at 115.7 cm. The highest values of plant height and ear placement were recorded in the fertilization variant with triple digestate application – 60 t/ha as base fertilization + 60 t/ha pre-sowing + 60 t/ha top dressing. The results by hybrid were as follows: Amaros (FAO 230) – 272.1 cm and 130.9 cm, R8754 (FAO 240) – 260.0 cm and 122.9 cm, Bigbit (FAO 290) – 305.3 cm and 140.7 cm, Bohatyr (FAO 290) – 294.1 cm and 135.6 cm, KWS 381 (FAO 350) – 302.4 cm and 142.9 cm, KWS Intelligence (FAO 380) – 306.0 cm and 142.2 cm, DN Anshlag (FAO 420) – 305.1 cm and 148.6 cm, and P0217 (FAO 460) – 305.6 cm and 145.1 cm, respectively. On average, plant height in this variant ranged from 260.0 to 306.0 cm, which is40.7–71.2 cm higher compared to the control (without fertilizers). Ear placement height ranged from 122.9 to 148.6 cm, which is 24.3–40.9 cm higher than in the control variant. Taking into account the specifics of morphological trait development in maize hybrids will allow for more accurate evaluation of their productivity depending on the fertilization strategy used.

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