Agriculture and forestry

Tynko Valentyna Vasylivna - 3rd year graduate student of the Department of Agriculture, Soil Science and Agrochemistry of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, 3 Sonyachna Street) e-mail: 22valya.tinko@ukr.net.

The article presents the results of spring barley crops and the effect of foliar fertilization on them. Prospects and effectiveness of biological products as a basic fertilizer for cereals. Spring barley is a valuable food, fodder and technical crop. Pearl barley and barley groats are made from vitreous and coarse-grained two-row barley grain. Most barley is used for feed purposes. In 1 kg. grain contains 1.2 feed units and 100 g of digestible protein. Spring barley contains a lot of protein (9-12%), carbohydrates (70-75%), pentazoles (7-11%), sucrose (1.7-2%), fiber (3.8-5.5%), fat (1.6-2%), ash (2-3%). Spring barley grain is characterized by high nutritional value and is widely used in feed production, confectionery, brewing. However, in the dynamics of its yield there are significant fluctuations, which is associated with both agro-climatic conditions and organizational and economic. Having a short growing season, underdeveloped root system, the culture is quite demanding on the provision of basic factors of plant life, including nutrients. The system of fertilization of spring barley is determined primarily by predecessors. It has a valuable ability to make the best use of the aftereffects of organic and mineral fertilizers applied to the previous crop. If spring barley is sown after well-fertilized row crops (sugar beet, potatoes), under which 40-50 t / ha of manure and mineral fertilizers are applied within N80P80K80 - N120P120K120, then fertilizers are not applied directly under barley at all. Against this background, barley with proper care can form 40-50 kg / ha of grain. It is clear that in case of incomplete supply of sugar beets or potatoes with fertilizers, barley will require additional application of macronutrients. Barley responds very well to fertilizer application, especially in conditions of sufficient moisture. The increase in yield from mineral fertilizers can reach 15-20 kg / ha. To prevent lodging of plants, it is necessary to ensure the correct ratio of nutrients - nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Given the condition of the soil cover and low volumes of fertilizer application, we consider the issues of optimization of mineral nutrition of spring barley to be relevant and in need of refinement. An important component of the plant nutrition system is the use of microfertilizers. Therefore, the purpose of our research is to establish the reaction of spring barley to the complex use of microfertilizers, crop formation and grain quality in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine [3]

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