Сільське господарство та лісівництво

Pinchuk Natalya Vladimirovna – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the department of botany, genetics and plant protection, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str. 3, e-mail: pnv@vsau.vin.ua)

Verheles Pavel Nikolaevich – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the department of botany, genetics and plant protection, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str. 3, e-mail: pasha425@vsau.vin.ua)

Kovalenko Tatyana Methodivna – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the department of botany, genetics and plant protection, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str. 3, e-mail: ktm@vsau.vin.ua)

This article presents the results of studying the development and formation peculiarities of the number of dominant phytophages of winter oilseed rape: cruciferous fleas (Phyllotreta undulata), rape pollinator (Athalia rosae L.), rapeseed flower beetle (Meligethes aeneus F.), seed larvae (Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis Payk.), cabbage capsicum mosquito (Dasyneura brassicae Winn.), cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.). Theoretical generalization of the prevalence of pests in the research area and the impact on the formation of winter rape yields. The influence of modern insecticides on the control of the number of dangerous pests of winter rape and on the yield, biometric parameters of rape plants has been studied. The best results in controlling the number of dominant phytophages in the enterprise showed the drug Nuredin ™ Super KE (chlorpyrifos 400 g / l + bifenthrin 20 g / l) at a rate of 0,75 l / ha. On the basis of the obtained data it is recommended to use the drug Plenum 50 VG (pimetrosine 500 g / kg) at a rate of 0,25 l / ha, as its use provides rapeseed yield at 24,3 c / ha and gives a good economic effect, due to higher yields, the profitability of growing crops is 62,8%, which is 26,3% more than the control option for improving the control over a number of pests. Having researched the phytosanitary condition of winter rapeseed crops, it has been found that the most common diseases of rapeseed were alternaria, phomosis, gray and white rot, and cylindrosporiosis.The results of treatment of winter rape plants with new fungicides to protect against the main common pathogens: alternaria (Alternaria brassicicola Wilts), phomosis (Phoma lingam Desm.), cylindrosporiosis (Cylindrosporium concentrium Grev) are presented. Conclusions are made on the effectiveness of the new generation of fungicides in limiting the spread of diseases. To control the spread of diseases in the agrophytocenosis of rapeseed, it is advisable to use the drug Architect SE (pyraclostrobin 100 g / l + calcium prohexadione 25 g / l + mepiquat chloride 150 g / l) at a rate of 2.0 l / ha, which significantly reduced the damage of winter rapeseed major diseases and had a therapeutic effect, while providing yield at the level of 26,1 c/ha and profitability within 63,1%, which is 26,6% higher than the control option. Therefore, the use of an integrated pest management system can significantly increase the efficiency of cultivation technology and minimize crop losses.

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3.Mazur V.A., Matsera O.O. (2018). Analiz strukturnykh elementivurozhainosti roslyn ozymoho ripaku zalezhno vid vplyvu udobrennia ta stroku posivu [Analysis of structural elements of winter rape plant yield depending on the effect of fertilizer and sowing date]. Silske hospodarstvo ta lisivnytstvo – Agriculture and forestry. № 9. 41–50 [in Ukrainian].

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5.Voloshchuk O.P., Sluchak O.M., Rasputenko A.O. (2018). Produktyvnistripaku ozymoho zalezhno vid strokiv, sposobiv sivby ta norm vysivu nasinnia  [Productivity of winter rape depending on terms, methods of sowing and norms of sowing of seeds]. Peredhirne ta hirske zemlerobstvo i tvarynnytstvo : mizhvid. temat. nauk. zb. – Foothill and mountain agriculture and animal husbandry. Lviv-Obroshino. № 64. 44–55 [in Ukrainian].

6.Pinchuk N.V., Vergeles P.M., Kovalenko T.M., Rudskaya N.O. (2019).Kontrol chyselnosti osnovnykh shkidnykiv u posivakh horokhu [Control of the number of major pests in pea crops]. Silske hospodarstvo ta lisivnytstvo – Agriculture and forestry. № 15. 137–150 [in Ukrainian].

7.Mazur V.A., Matsera O.O. (2019). Analiz zminy yakisnykh pokaznykivnasinnia ozymoho ripaku zalezhno vid strokiv posivu ta systemy udobrennia [Analysis of changes in quality indicators of winter rapeseed depending on sowing dates and fertilizer system]. Silske hospodarstvo ta lisivnytstvo – Agriculture and forestry. № 12. 5-17 [in Ukrainian].

8.Mazur V.A., Matsera O.O. (2018). Analiz strukturnykh elementivurozhainosti roslyn ozymoho ripaku zalezhno vid vplyvu udobrennia ta stroku posivu [Analysis of structural elements of winter rape plant yield depending on the influence of fertilizer and sowing date]. Silske hospodarstvo ta lisivnytstvo – Agriculture and forestry. № 9. 41-50 [in Ukrainian].

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13.Pinchuk N.V., Vergeles P.M., Kovalenko T.M., Okrushko S.E. (2019).Zahalna fitopatolohiia [General phytopathology]. Vinnytsia: VNAU. [in Ukrainian].

14.Telefus V.A., Frankov S.V., Zadorozhny V.S. (2020). Prohnozfitosanitarnoho stanu ahrotsenoziv ta rekomendatsii shchodo zakhystu silskohospodarskykh kultur vid shkidnykiv, khvorob ta burianiv u hospodarstvakh Vinnytskoi oblasti v 2020 r. [Forecast of phytosanitary condition of agrocenoses and recommendations for protection of crops from pests, diseases and weeds in farms of Vinnytsia region in 2020]. Vinnytsia: Holovne upravlinnia Derzhprodspozhyvsluzhby u Vinnytskii oblasti – Main Department of the State Food and Consumer Service in Vinnytsia region. [in Ukrainian].

15.Rudskaya N.O., Pinchuk N.V., Vatamanyuk O.V. (2020) Lisovaentomolohiia [Forest entomology]. Vinnytsia: WORKS. [in Ukrainian].