Agriculture and forestry

Verheles Pavlo Mykolayovych – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the department of botany, genetics and plant protection, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, 3 Solnyschnaya St., e-mail: pasha425@vsau.vin.ua).

This article presents the results of research on clarifying the characteristics of the development of dominant apple phytophages and research on the effectiveness of protective measures. It was established that the following phytophages caused the greatest damage: apple fruit eaters (34%), aphids (22%), leafhoppers (16%), mites (11%), flower eaters (10%), hairy deer (7%). The highest technical efficiency in the control of the apple flower borer was recorded when spraying an apple tree in the budding phase with the pyrethroid Decis 100 EC, which was 86.9%. When processing in the "pink bud" phase, the highest efficiency in the control of leafhoppers was recorded in the variant using the drug Napoval, EC, which on the 5th day was 81.0%, in the control of mites, the highest technical efficiency was observed when using the drug Syntak, EC and on the 5th day was 93.4%, and in the control of aphids, the highest technical efficiency on the 5th day after application was noted when spraying the plantations with Napoval, EC, which was 83.8%. In the control of hairy deer with the use of chemical insecticides, the highest technical efficiency was noted on the 5th day after application when spraying plantations with the drug Viares, CS, which was 87.0%, which exceeded the effectiveness of the insecticide Calypso 480 SC by 2.4%. Spraying plantations with biological preparation Aktarophyt K1.8 made it possible to reduce the number of phytophagous plants by 75.5%. In the control of the apple fruit borer when processed in the "walnut" phase, the highest technical efficiency was noted on the 5th day after application when spraying plantations with Ampligo 150 ZC, which was 86.2%, which was 11.2-13.5% higher than technical efficiency of insecticides Knockout Extra, EC and Silker, EC. The use of insecticides in the control of phytophages made it possible to obtain a higher yield of apple trees, which in the control was 12.8 t/ha and to obtain a harvest of higher quality, in particular, I and II grades, in the control these indicators were 20.8 and 42.6%, respectively. The economic expediency of the use of means of protection has been confirmed. The cost of grown products from plantations that were not treated with protective means was UAH 45,197, which is 1.6-1.9 times lower than the cost of products obtained from options that involved the use of insecticides, which recorded the highest technical efficiency and yield according to experiments: Decis 100 EC, Napoval, EC, Viares, EC and Ampligo 150 ZC, and the cost of additional products was 25120, 27160, 36444 and 40079 UAH. in accordance.

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