Сільське господарство та лісівництво

Mamaliha Vasyl Stepanovych – Сandidate of Biology Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Botany, Genetics and Plant Protection of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str., 3. e-mail: stepanovich112@i.ua).

Buhayov Vasyl Dmytrovych – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior StaffScientist, the Head of the Selection of Green Crops Department of Institute of Forage and Agriculture of Podolia NAAS of Ukraine (21100, Vinnytsia, Prospekt Yunosty, 16. e-mail: bugayovvd@ukr.net).

Horenskyi Vitalii Mihailovich – Сandidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Researcher of the Department of Fodder Crop Selection of the Institute of Fodder and Agriculture of Podolia NAAS of Ukraine (21100, Vinnytsia, Prospekt Yunosty, 16. e-mail: e-mail: gorenskij.vitalij@ukr.net).

The article highlights the results of studying the magnitude of heterosis and the nature of inheritance of forage and seed productivity in 37 hybrid populations (F3 and F5) of alfalfa sowing under conditions of high soil acidity (pH 5.2-5.3). It was found that among the hybrid populations of alfalfa F3 (2013-2016) in terms of forage productivity above the standard variety Sinyukha by 0.06-0.23 kg / m² (+ 5-20%) were: Mega / Regina, Vika / Regina, Zhidrune / Regina, Zhidrune / Sinyukha, Mega / Grilys, Yaroslavna / Vika, Yaroslavna / Zhidrune, Zhidrune / Vika, Grilys / Zhidrune, Vika / Mega and 15 more samples and parental forms of Zhidrune, Vika indicator. In the standard variety Sinyukha, the dry matter collection was 1.0-1.25 kg / m². The average interpopulation level was in the range of 0.98-1.25 kg / m2 depending on the year of use. Subsequent studies (2017-2019) among hybrid F5 populations only in Grilys / Mega, Grilys / Vika, Yaroslavna / Vika, Yaroslavna / Zhidrune and Grilys / Zhidrune revealed an increase in feed productivity to the standard by 5-11% or at 0.06-0.13 kg / m2 and 21 other samples and the parental forms of Grilys, Vika were on a par with him in this respect. In the standard variety of cyanosis, the dry matter collection was 1.09-1.41 kg / m². The average interpopulation level (MPC) was in the range of 1.03-1.31 kg / m². Heterosis (positive dominance) was detected in Mega / Regina (F3 hp = 69.37 and in F5 - 4.44) according to the degree of dominance of hybrid populations isolated by forage productivity in both F3 and F5; Vika / Regina (3.66 and 1.08); Gidrune / Regina (4.67 and 24.2); Yaroslavna / Vika (2.7 and 1.71); Yaroslavna / Zhidrune (2.56 and 5.11); Grilys / Gidrune (17,58 and 2.0). It should be noted that the heterosis index in these combinations ranged from 9.6 to 23.6% in F3, while in F5 it decreased to 0.5-19%. In terms of seed productivity in the period 2013-2016, only the combination Sinyukha / Mega was 20% higher than the standard among hybrid F3 populations and 8 more were on a par with it (Regina / Zhidrune, Sinyukha / Yaroslavna), Grilys / Mega, Grilys / Regina, Mega / Yaroslavna, Vika, Mega / Zhidrune). In the standard variety Sinyukha, the seed yield was 26.1-49.8 g / m2. The average interpopulation level was in the range of 16.7-52.5 g / m². During the following studies (2018-2020) among F5 hybrids no significant excess to the standard variety was detected, only the Regina / Mega population was on a par with it. Seed yield at the average interpopulation level was 9.3-22.9 g / m², in the standard - 25.0-37.5 g / m². Based on the results of this work, hybrid alfalfa populations with a combination of fodder and seed productivity against the background of high soil acidity were selected and proposed for use in the selection process: Regina / Zhidrune, Sinyukha / Mega, Sinyukha / Yaroslavna, Grilys / Mega, Grilys / Regina. They can be used separately in the selection process after further research: on forage productivity - samples Mega / Regina, Vika / Regina, Zhidrune / Regina, Zhidrune / Sinyukha, Mega / Grilys, Grilys / Vika Yaroslavna / Vika, Yaroslavna / Zhidrune, Grilys / Zhidrune , Vika / Mega; by seed productivity - Regina / Mega.

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