Agriculture and forestry

Palamarchuk Vitalii Dmytrovych – Doctor of agricultural sciences, associate professor of the department of plant production and horticulture, faculty of agronomy, horticulture and plant protection, educational and research institute of agricultural technologies and nature management, Vinnytsia national agrarian university (21008, Vinnytsia, Sonyachna st., 3 email: vd-palamarchuk@ukr.net).

Rudska Nina Oleksandrіvna – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, associate professor of the Department of botany, genetics and plant protection, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str. 3, e-mail: nina.rudska@gmail.com).

Borysov Valery Vitaliyovych – postgraduate of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, 3 Soniacna St. email: borysov91@gmail.com).

The article presents the results of studying the influence of plant density on the expression of morphological traits such as plant height and ear formation in corn hybrids from different maturity groups. The soil of the experimental site was gray forest soil with a light loamy mechanical composition. The research used early-ripening corn hybrids: Anovi KS (FAO 220), EC Sirius (FAO 200), mid-early EC Perspect (FAO 240), DKC 3609 (FAO 260), and mid-ripening DKC 3939 (FAO 320), Harmonium (FAO 380), with planting densities of 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 thousand plants per hectare. The height of ear attachment was significantly influenced by plant height, and as the linear dimensions of the plant increased, the height of ear formation also increased, and vice versa. The formation of plant height and ear attachment height was significantly influenced by the maturity group of the hybrids. The results of the conducted studies established that the highest values for these traits were observed in the mid-maturity hybrids with a longer growing period – 265.13 cm and 106.03 cm, respectively. Among the studied corn hybrids, plant height and ear attachment height were as follows: Anovi KS (FAO 220) – 226.5 cm and 86.24 cm, EC Sirius (FAO 200) – 215.04 cm and 76.08 cm, EC Perspect (FAO 240) – 265.82 cm and 95.28 cm, DKC 3609 (FAO 320) – 264.4 cm and 106.74 cm, DKC 3939 (FAO 320) – 264.22 cm and 100.8 cm, and Harmonium (FAO 380) – 266.04 cm and 111.26 cm. Plant density also had a significant impact on the formation of morphological traits in the studied corn hybrids. Specifically, the highest values for these traits were observed as follows: for the Anovi KS (FAO 220) hybrid, plant height was 235.7 cm and ear attachment height was 86.1 cm at a density of 90 thousand plants per hectare; for EC Sirius (FAO 200), plant height was 223.7 cm at a density of 90 thousand plants per hectare, and ear attachment height was 82.7 cm at a density of 70 thousand plants per hectare; for EC Perspect (FAO 240), plant height was 270.9 cm at a density of 80 thousand plants per hectare, and ear attachment height was 100.8 cm at a density of 70 thousand plants per hectare; for DKC 3609 (FAO 260), plant height was 266.5 cm and ear attachment height was 110.9 cm at a density of 80 thousand plants per hectare; for DKC 3939 (FAO 320), plant height was 270.8 cm and ear attachment height was 102.7 cm at a density of 60 thousand plants per hectare; and for Harmonium (FAO 380), plant height was 271.3 cm at a density of 50 thousand plants per hectare, and ear attachment height was 113.8 cm at a density of 80 thousand plants per hectare. The use of the studied corn hybrids with optimal plant density parameters will allow the formation of high-intensity crops suitable for mechanized cultivation and harvesting, with high yields.

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