Agriculture and forestry

Palamarchuk Vitaliy Dmytrovych – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the department of plant production, selection and bioenergetic cultures of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsya, 3, Solyanskaya St., e-mail: vd@vsau.vin.ua)

The number of lodging plants changed depending on genetic features of a hybrid. So the numbers of lodging plants were in the hybrid Kharkivskyy 195MV – 14.9%, the DKS 2960 – 4,7%, DKS 2949 – 11,3% and DKS 2971 – 4,6%, on average in three years. When carrying out foliar nutrition the numbers of lodging plants in early ripe group hybrids decreased, on average in three years, and were Kharkivskyy 195МВ – 13,3%, DКС 2960 – 4,3%, DКС 2949 – 10,6% та DКС 2971 – 3,9%, while on the control (without foliar nutrition) the numbers of lodging plants of these hybrids were 28.2%, 7.4%, 16.2 and 9.7%, respectively. Also significant impact on the number of lodging plants changed the number of foliar nutrition. During one foliar nutrition in the phase of 5-7 maize leaves, the number of lodging plants was Kharkivskyy 195MV – 14,0%, DKS 2960 – 3,7%, DKS 2949 – 12,0%, and DKS 2971 – 4,9%, and in the course of two foliar nutrition in the phase of 5-7 and 10-12 maize leaves – Kharkivskyy 195MV –12,5%, DKS 2960 –5,0%, DKS 2949 –9,3% and DKS 2971 – 2,9%. Hybrid DKS 3871 – 9,0% and Pereiaslavskyy 230СВ – 11.4% were the most resistant among the mid-season group. In the hybrids DKS 3472 and DKS 3420, the number of lodging plants was 14,7 and 12,4%, respectively. This tendency is also relevant for mid-season hybrids. In 2012, due to stressful conditions, we observed an increase in the number of lodging plants (16.7%) due to insufficient development of mechanical tissue of the stem. Carrying out of foliar nutrition provides decreasing of the number of lodging plants by 3.1 to 15,0% in the group of early ripe group hybrids, middle-early – 0,4-9.0%, and the mid-season group – 1,0-4,2%, as compared to control (without nutrition). In our opinion, this is due to the improvement of the biochemical reactions in the plant organism, the better development of the mechanical tissue of the stem and the increase in the number of living cells in the tissues of the stem. Compared with control, the smallest number of lodging plants in the studied hybrids of maize was noted on the variants where microfertilizers "Sprout of Maiz" and "Ecolist Monozinc" were used. These variants provided a high resistance of the studied hybrids of maize before lodging.

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