Agriculture and forestry

Polishchuk Miкhaylo Ivanovych – candidate of agricultural sciences, associate professor of the department of agriculture, soil science and agrochemistry, faculty of agronomy, horticulture and plant protection, educational and scientific institute of agricultural technologies and nature management of VNAU (21008, Vinnytsya, St. Sonyachna, 3, e-mail: polishchuk.mikhaylo@ukr.net ).

Machok Ivan Oleksandrovych – мaster of the first year of full-time state education at faculty of agronomy, horticulture and plant protection, educational and scientific institute of agricultural technologies and nature management of VNAU (21008, Vinnytsia, St. Sonyachna, 3, e-mail: vanamacok1@gmail.com).

Тhe publication presents the results of three-year studies on the study of the influence of fertilizer options on the features of the formation of phytomass of sider crops, namely: white mustard, oil radish and peas, as well as the improvement of the quality indicators of podzolized chernozem in the conditions of climate change of the Right Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The soil and climatic conditions of Vinnytsia are favorable for the cultivation of all agricultural crops, including side crops of peas, white mustard and oil radish, while the highest phytomass increases are provided by oil radish crops, the growing season of 2020 turned out to be more favorable for the formation of elements of the productivity of side crops. and the lowest productivity values of sideral crops were obtained for growing them in the conditions of the growing season of 2019. Application of mineral fertilizers had a positive effect on increasing the phytomass of siderates. Phytomass growth from the application of only nitrogen fertilizers (N35) and from the joint application of potassium and phosphorus fertilizers (P35K35) was approximately at the same level for white mustard – 4,5 tons per hectare and 3.3 tons per hectare, respectively, oil radish - 4,8 tons per hectare and 3,7 tons per hectare, respectively, peas – 4,2 tons per hectare and 5,8 tons per hectare, respectively. The best increase in phytomass of siderates over three years was observed in the case of applying a double dose of nitrogen fertilizers on a phosphorus-potassium background (N70P35K35), namely: white mustard – 15,1 tons per hectare, oil radish – 14,5 tons per hectare, peas – 10,3 tons per hectare. The content of dry matter in phytomass depends on the type of culture and fertilization and ranges from 16,3 % to 29,3 %, and in root residues from 20,5 % to 33,1 %. With an increase in the dose of fertilizers, the total yield of dry matter increased, while the share of its content in biomass decreased. This indicates a direct relationship between the dose of mineral fertilizers and the yield of dry matter (R2= 0,77-0,89 depending on the siderate), as well as an inverse relationship with respect to the content in phytomass (R2= –0,54-0,79) and the underground part (R2= –0,48-0,85). It was established that the introduction of different doses and types of mineral fertilizers under siderates did not significantly affect the content of humus in the soil. Cultivation of siderates leads to the movement of calcium from the lower layers to the arable layer of the soil, which leads to a decrease in the active acidity of the soil.

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