Сільське господарство та лісівництво

Mazur Viktor Anatoliyovych – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the department of plant production, selection and bioenergetic cultures, rector of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, vice-president of the All-Ukrainian scientific-training consortium (21008, Vinnytsia, vul. Solar, 3).

Matsera Olga Olegivna – assistant of the department of agriculture, soil science and agrochemistry at Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Solnychna St., 5. e-mail: matsera.olga.vnau@gmail.com).

It is analyzed the problem of structure elements and biological seeds yield formation of winter rapeseed plants and indicated on necessity of the optimal ratio of these indicators to ensure the formation of the highest level of yield; it is made the analysis of the latest investigations and publications; it is indicated on importance and topicality of studying the question about improvement of plant growing technology elements, by optimization of sowing terms and choosing the adapted hybrids with high potential of yield, winter and disease resistance, as well as through the scientific substantiation of the fertilization system in this article.

It is shown the results of the studying the influence of different norms of mineral fertilizers on the formation of structural elements of winter rapeseed yields for different periods of sowing by using hybrids of different maturation groups. It is established that increasing of fertilizer rates significantly influenced on the formation of structural elements of winter rapeseed plants, by increasing all the indicators. In all hybrids for each seeding period, the best performance was generated when making N240P120K240. So, the largest plant density before harvesting 65.0 pcs./m2 was marked in hybrid Excel for the second seeding period, the largest number of pods per plant - 105 pcs. and the number of seeds per pod - 17,76 pcs. in the same hybrid for the first term of sowing for the maximum fertilizer. The maximum number of seeds per 1 m2 - 111.74 pc. was also obtained by hybrid Excel in the second sowing period. The largest weight of 1000 seeds - 4.97 g was obtained from the hybrid Exagon in the third sowing date when making N180P90K180.

It is investigated, that the increasing in the fertilizer rate provided the increasing the indicator of the biological yield of winter rapeseed plants. The maximum increasing of biological yield from the control variant to the variant with the maximum fertilizer application (N240P120K240) was 63% by using hybrid Exagon in the second sowing term.

It is shown a short conclusion and outlines the prospects for further researches in order to achieve the maximum yield of winter rapeseed.

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