Сільське господарство та лісівництво

Mazur Viktor Anatoliyovych – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Plant Growing, Breeding and Bioenergetic Cultures, Department Rector of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str. 3).

Matsera Olha Olehivna – Assistant of the Agriculture, Soil Science and Agrochemistry Department at Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str. 3., e-mail: matsera.olga.vnau@gmail.com).

The analysis of a problem of quality indicators formation of winter rapeseeds at application of separate elements of technology is provided in article, such as sowing time and system of fertilizer; the last researches and publications are processed; importance and relevance of a research of an issue of optimization of the main batteries for the purpose of achievement of high rates of quality of seeds of hybrids of winter rapeseeds including qualities of vegetable oil for providing the food and industrial purposes are objectively estimated; it is specified unique properties of rapeseeds oil what composition and a ratio of fatty acids cause the direction of its use. Results of studying of influence of sowing time and various norms of mineral fertilizers on formation of quality indicators of seeds of highly productive winter repeseeds hybrids of various groups of ripeness are analysed. It is established that increase in norm of fertilizer influenced change of formation of quality indicators of seeds. So, the value of acid number which shows amount of free fatty acids which did not react with glycerin and is a key indicator of degree of freshness of fat decreased with increase in norm of fertilizer – among three studied hybrids of winter rapeseeds the best values of acid number the hybrid had Eksagon at the first sowing time – 1.38-1.10 mg KoH/g. The sowing time and option of fertilizer influenced on change of value of content of erucic acid in seeds of winter rapeseeds, at the same time increase in norm of fertilizer led to increase in its contents in seeds. Accumulation and the maintenance of glucosinolates did not depend on sowing time, at the same time fertilizer had a considerable impact on this indicator – the maintenance of glucosinolates grew with increase in amount of fertilizer. The protein content and oils were affected by the studied factors – the maximum value of protein content in hybrids Ekzotik and Eksel was observed for the second term – on August 21 and grew with increase in norm of fertilizer from 19.07 to 22.57% and from 19.57 to 22.65%. Plants of winter rapeseeds of a hybrid Eksagon formed the greatest values of protein on the third sowing time on September 5 – from 19.33 to 22.35%. Oil content in seeds of winter rapeseeds at first decreased with increase in norm of fertilizer, and then increased. The general exit of oil increased with increase in norm of fertilizer and changed depending on sowing time. The maximum value of content of oil at all hybrids was received for the second sowing time on August 21 at the maximum fertilizer: Ekzotik - 1.82%, Eksel - 1.99% and Eksagon - 1.97%.

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