Agriculture and forestry

Mazur Viktor Anatoliyovych − Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Professor of the Department of Crop Production and Bioenergy Crops, Rector of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Street Sunny, 3, Vinnytsia, e-mail: tkachukop@ukr.net)

Tkachuk Alexander Petrovich − Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection of Vinnitsa National Agrarian University (21008, Str. Sunny, 3, Vinnitsa city, e-mail: tkachukop@ukr.net)

Didur Ihor Mykolayovych − Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Agriculture, Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Dean of the Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, street Sunny, 3, Vinnytsia, e-mail: didurihor@gmail.com)

Pantsyreva Anna Vitaliyivna − Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Forestry, Horticulture, Horticulture and Viticulture, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, street Sunny, 3, Vinnytsia, e-mail: apantsyreva@ukr.net)

According to the duration of the growing season, early maturing and ultra early maturing varieties of soybeans develop within 83-85 days. As of 2021, 17 early-maturing and ultra-early-maturing soybean varieties were entered into the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine. Most of these varieties have a growing season of 85 days, and only the Diona varieties have 83 days and Arnika - 84 days. The height of plants of early maturing soybean varieties varies widely - 58-110 cm. The highest are Arrata plants - 110 cm, Rogiznyanka and Rozhdestvenskaya - 81 cm each, OAC Avatar and Diona - 80 cm each. Height of attachment of the lower beans in early maturing soybean varieties is 10-16 cm from the soil surface. Above, the lower beans are attached in soybean varieties OAC Brook - 16 cm, Rogiznyanka - 15 cm, Kobza and OAC Avatar - 14 cm each. The highest resistance to lodging, which determines the completeness of mowing and selection of the soybean stem mass, had plants of the varieties Aventurin, OAC Lakeview, Geba and Berkana - 9.0 points each, OAC Avatar Rogiznyanka - 8.9 points each. All early ripening varieties of soybeans are highly resistant to seed shedding - 7.0-9.0 points. The most drought-resistant varieties are OAC Lakeview, Geba, Berkana - 9.0 points each. Soybean varieties Aventurine, Kobza, Diona, Arrata, Rogiznyanka, Arnika are resistant to diseases - 9.0 points each. The seed yield of early maturing soybean varieties is 2.00-3.25 t/ha. The highest yields were noted for the Diona varieties - 3.25 t/ha, Arrata - 3.0 t/ha. The least productive varieties are Rogiznyanka - 2.00 t/ha, OAC Brook - 2.03 t/ha, Kobza - 2.14 t/ha. Soybean varieties had a high protein content in seeds: Berkana - 43.4%, Raduga - 42.3%, Dove and Melody - 42.1% each. The lowest protein content was in the varieties Arrata - 38.0%, Legend, Diona - 38.5% each, Kobza - 39.1%. The fat content in the seeds of soybean varieties Heba - 22.0%, OAC Lakeview - 21.7% and Golubka - 21.6% was the highest, and in Krasavitsa varieties - 19.3%, Arnika - 20.5% and Melodiya - 20.6% - the smallest.

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