Сільське господарство та лісівництво

Mazur Viktor – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Professor of the Department of Plant Growing, Selection and Bioenergetic Cultures, leading researcher, Rector of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Vice-President of ESPC Ukrainian Scientific-Educational Consortium (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str.3, е-mail: rector@vsau.org ).

Didur Ihor – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, leading researcher, Dean of the Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str. 3, didurihor@gmail.com).

Pantsyreva Hanna – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Research Fellow, Associate Professor of the Department of Landscape Management, Forestry, Horticulture and Viniculture of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str. 3, e-mail: apantsyreva@ukr.net). 

The relevance of the conducted research is based on the tasks of the applied research of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University on the topic: «Development of methods for improving the technology of growing leguminous crops using biofertilizers, bacterial preparations, foliar fertilizers and physiologically active substances». Analysing the literature sources various technological methods of growing leguminous crops for providing the rational use of natural agricultural potential, which will further increase the sown area of major legumes, which are of strategic importance, have been evaluated. The article analyses the varietal diversity of leguminous crops included in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine. High-yielding varieties for the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine of soybeans – Azymut, Holubka, sowing peas – Tsarevych and Prystan have been chosen for the study; white lupine – Veresnevyi, Chabanskyi; narrow-leaved lupine – Olimp, Peremozhets; chickpeas for sowing – Skarb, Pegas. According to the group of ripeness, early-, medium- and medium-early-ripening varieties of legumes are selected, which have been distinguished among others for their high grain and protein productivity. It has been determined that the types of legumes in terms of set basic economic-valuable peculiarities have significant advantages such as resistance to adverse environmental factors, pests and manufacturability. The field experiments have shown that the combination of inoculation of seeds with a bacterial preparation and treatment of plants for vegetation with a retardant has had a positive effect on increasing the yield of the crops. For the years of the conducted researches, the maximum seed yield in the leguminous crops has been determined. Thus, in sowing peas the most productive type was Prystan (2.6 t/ha), white lupine – Chabanskyi (3.4 t/ha), narrow-leaved lupine – Peremozhets (2.6 t/ha), chickpea – Skarb. 3.0 t/ha) and in soybeans – Azymut (2.6 t/ha). The largest increases in grain productivity were obtained by treating the seeds with the bacterial preparation Rhizohumin and spraying the crops with chlormequat chloride retardant in the budding phase.

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