Сільське господарство та лісівництво

Bogomaz Serhii Oleksandrovych is a graduate student of the Department of Agriculture, Soil Science and Agrochemistry of VNAU (21008, Vinnytsia, 3 Sonyachna St.; e-mail).

The article presents the results of research on the influence of plant density, fertilization on growth and development processes, elements of the crop structure and yield of corn hybrids of different maturity groups. Since an important factor in the formation of a high yield of corn is the plant fertilization system, which accounts for up to 40%. Domestic and foreign scientists studied the effectiveness of corn fertilization in various edaphic and hydrothermal conditions, namely the use of both the main and foliar application of both mineral fertilizers and microfertilizers. However, these studies must be optimized taking into account new forms, application rates and terms of their application according to the stages of organogenesis and maturity groups of corn hybrids and their biological requirements. The linear measurements of the height of the plants and the attachment of the cob of the hybrids depend, first of all, on fertilization and the density of the plants, as well as genotypic features. By increasing the density of plants, the highest indicators of plant height and cob attachment were obtained. The maximum indicators of plant height and cob attachment, as well as their ratio, were noted on the variant with the simultaneous application of zinc sulfate, Ecoline Zinc and Ecoline Boron on the background of N100P31 at a plant density of 80 thousand r/ha: DKS 3795 – 234; 105 cm; 0.45; DKS 3972 – 247; 114 cm; 0.46 and DKS 4351 – 253; 116 cm; 0.46. This is higher compared to the control variant by 21.0, 13.0 and 0.02 in the hybrid DKS 3795; 23.0, 13.0 and 0.01 in the hybrid DKS 3972; 16.0; 12.0 and 0.02 in the hybrid DKS 4351. The maximum yield was noted on the variant of the experiment with the simultaneous application of zinc sulfate, Ecoline Zinc and Ecoline Boron on the background of N100P31 with a density of 70 thousand.plants/ha in hybrids: DKS 3795 – 9.7; DKS 3972 – 10.8 t/ha. This is higher than the control variant by 4.3; 5.0 t/ha. The highest level of productivity was noted in the hybrid DKS 4351 - 10.2 t/ha, noted for the density of 80,000 plants/ha in hybrids. This is higher than on the control variant by 4.4 t/ha.

1. Lavrynenko Yu.O., Vozhehova R.A., Kokovikhin S.V. (2011). Kukurudza na zroshuvanykh zemliakh [Corn on irrigated land]. Kherson : Ailant. [in Ukrainian].

2. Maslak O. (2013). Perevahy – za kukurudzoiu [Advantages - for corn]. Propozytsiia − Offer. № 5 (215). 32–34. [in Ukrainian].

3. Tsykov V.S., Rybka V.S., Alokhin V.I. (1999). Pytannia pidvyshchennia konkurentospromozhnosti vyrobnytstva zerna i nasinnia kukurudzy v rynkovykh umovakh [The issue of increasing the competitiveness of grain and corn seed production in market conditions]. Biuleten Instytutu zernovoho hospodarstva − Bulletin of the Institute of Grain Management. № 8. 55–59. [in Ukrainian].

4. Hrabovskyi M.B., Hrabovska T.O., Obrazhii S.V. (2014). Vplyv hidrotermichnykh umov vehetatsii na urozhainist hibrydiv kukurudzy riznykh hrup styhlosti v umovakh Tsentralnoho Lisostepu Ukrainy [The influence of hydrothermal vegetation conditions on the yield of corn hybrids of different maturity groups in the conditions of the Central Forest Steppe of Ukraine]. Ahrobiolohiia − Agrobiology. № 1 (109). 57–62. [in Ukrainian].

5. Mazur V.A., Azurkin V.O., Polishchuk I.S. (2011). Produktyvnist hibrydiv kukurudzy zalezhno vid hustoty stoiannia dlia vyrobnytstva bioetanolu [Productivity of corn hybrids depending on stand density for bioethanol production]. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats VNAU. Seriya: Silskogospodarski nauky − Collection of scientific works of the VNAU. Series: Agricultural Sciences. Issue 5. 27–30. [in Ukrainian].

6. Tkalich Yu.I., Tkalich O.V., Kokhan A.V. (2016). Produktyvnist ta ekonomichna otsinka vyroshchuvannia kukurudzy pry vykorystanni stymuliatoriv rostu i mikrodobryv [Productivity and economic assessment of corn cultivation using growth stimulants and microfertilizers]. Visnyk Dnipropetrovskoho derzhavnoho ahrarno-ekonomichnoho universytetu − Bulletin of the Dnipropetrovsk State Agrarian and Economic University. № 2. 26–31. [in Ukrainian].

7. Tsykov V.S., Dudka M.I., Shevchenko O.M., Nosov S.S. (2017). Efektyvnist zastosuvannia makro- i mikrodobryv pry vyroshchuvanni kukurudzy [Effectiveness of using macro- and micro-fertilizers when growing corn]. Biuleten Instytutu zernovoho hospodarstva − Bulletin of the Institute of Grain Management. Vol. 1. № 1. 75–79. [in Ukrainian].

8. Yamkovyi V. (2015). Suchasni pozakorenevi mikrodobryva dlia silskohospodarskykh kultur [Modern foliar microfertilizers for agricultural crops]. Ahronom − Agronomist. № 4. 40–43. [in Ukrainian].

9. Sanin Yu.V., Sanin V.A. (2014). Pozakoreneve pidzhyvlennia silskohospodarskykh kultur makroelementamy [Foliar feeding of agricultural crops with macroelements]. Zerno − Grain. № 6. 44–48. [in Ukrainian].

10.Mazur V.A., Shevchenko N.V. (2017). Vplyv tekhnolohichnykh pryiomiv vyroshchuvannia na formuvannia yakisnykh pokaznykiv zerna kukurudzy [The influence of technological methods of cultivation on the formation of quality indicators of corn grain]. Silske hospodarstvo ta lisivnytstvo − Agriculture and forestry. № 6. 7–14. [in Ukrainian].

11. Kovalenko O., Polianchykov S., Kovbel A. (2015) Pozakorenevi obrobky – vazhlyva skladova zbalansovanoi systemy zhyvlennia [Foliar treatments are an important component of a balanced nutrition system]. Propozytsiia − Offer. № 4. 64–65. [in Ukrainian].

12.Tsykov V.S., Rybka V.S., Alokhin V.I. (1999). Pytannia pidvyshchennia konkurentospromozhnosti vyrobnytstva zerna i nasinnia kukurudzy v rynkovykh umovakh [The issue of increasing the competitiveness of grain and corn seed production in market conditions]. Biuleten Instytutu zernovoho hospodarstva − Bulletin of the Institute of Grain Management. № 8. 55–59. [in Ukrainian].

13. Trufanov O. (2013). Mikroelementy, khelaty, mikrodobryva [Microelements, chelates, microfertilizers]. Propozytsiia − Offer. № 5 (215). 63–65. [in Ukrainian].

14. Vovkodav V.V. (2001). Metodyka derzhavnoho sortovyprobuvannia silskohospodarskykh kultur (zernovi, krupiani ta zernobobovi) [Methodology of state variety testing of agricultural crops (cereals, cereals and legumes)]. K. [in Ukrainian].

15. Mazur O.V., Mazur O.V., Mazur V.A., Sherepitko V.V. (2013). Selektsiinyi material dlia stvorennia hibrydiv kukurudzy ta sortiv soi prydatnykh do mekhanizovanoho zbyrannia [Breeding material for creating hybrids of corn and soybean varieties suitable for mechanized harvesting]: monohrafiia, Vinnytsia: VNAU. [in Ukrainian].

16. Palamarchuk V.D., Mazur O.V., Shevchenko N.V., Mazur O.V. (2021). Elementy struktury vrozhaiu hibrydiv kukurudzy zalezhno vid vnesennia biolohichnykh preparativ v umovakh Lisostepu pravoberezhnoho [Elements of the structure of the yield of corn hybrids depending on the introduction of biological preparations in the conditions of the right-bank forest-steppe]. Silske hospodarstvo ta lisivnytstvo − Agriculture and forestry. № 4 (23). 244–252. DOI: 10.37128/2707-5826-2021-4-21. [in Ukrainian].