Agriculture and forestry

Monarkh Veronika – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Landscape Management, Forestry, Horticulture and Viniculture of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str., 3).  

Production of high-quality agricultural production is possible on clean soil only. In Ukraine, areas around abandoned pesticide storehouses are still the main source of the pesticide soil pollution. These storehouses were used for a long time for storage of large quantities of pesticides. Most of pesticides that were stored in these storehouses are very dangerous. For example, there are 10 pesticides in the list of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). In USSR times, obsolete pesticides were accumulated in storehouses and scrapyards all around Ukraine. Spread of POPs into environment cause extreme danger for people and nature due to contamination of ground water, drinking water, plants and animal organisms. According to the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine, there are over 3000 pesticide storehouses situated on the territory of the country, not taking into account almost 2000 so-called "hot spots" - polluted sites of ruined storehouses. In 2010, The Ministry began implementing a major program aimed for hazardous waste disposal in Ukraine. Risk values have been obtained using a situational risk model that enables to identify the storage buildings (objects) on the territories where special measures should be taken to reduce and eliminate pollution. The research results clearly prove availability of severe local sources of contamination of agricultural lands with organochlorine pesticides. There is a risk of contamination of other environmental objects with hazardous substances and a negative impact of toxic substances on human health. Migration of pesticides from the soil into agricultural products and drinking water has been identified.

The risk characterization stage assesses the frequency and magnitude of toxic effects, their reversibility or irreversibility. One of the methods used is the method of comparison of the results obtained with similar projects and studies. An important condition for the introduction into the general farming use of territories in the zones affected by the former pesticide and agrochemical storages in these settlements is the search for the methods of restoration and purification of soils of these territories from xenobiotics. Only after conducting the work on soil purification and availability of the inspection results showing positive changes, it will it be safe to grow agricultural products.

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