Agriculture and forestry

Palamarchuk Vitalii Dmytrovych – Doctor of agricultural sciences, associate professor of the department of plant production and horticulture, faculty of agronomy, horticulture and plant protection, educational and research institute of agricultural technologies and nature management, Vinnytsia national agrarian university (21008, Vinnytsia, Sonyachna st., 3; email: vd-palamarchuk@ukr.net).

Krychkovskyi Vadym – PhD in agronomy, senior lecturer at the department of plant growing and horticulture, faculty of agronomy, horticulture and plant protection, educational and research institute of agricultural technologies and nature management, Vinnytsia national agrarian university (21008, Vinnytsia, Sonyachna st., 3; email: 2112kv@gmail.com).

Neilyk Mykola Mykolaievych – candidate of agricultural sciences, docent at Agriculture, soil science and agrochemistry department, faculty of agronomy, horticulture and plant protection, educational and research institute of agricultural technologies and nature management, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Sonyachna str., 3; e-mail: neilyk@vsau.vin.ua).

The article presents the results of research on the influence of the fractional composition of the grain of corn hybrids and the depth of its wrapping on quality indicators. The soils of the experimental site are of the chernozem type, with a medium-loamy mechanical composition. Corn hybrids DKS 2971, DKS 2960, DKS 3795, DKS 3472, DK 315 and DKS 4082 of different maturity groups were used for research. There are three seed fractions (large, medium and small) and three seed wrapping depths (4-5 cm, 7-8 cm and 10-11 cm) in the research. The formation of endosperm in corn largely depends on a number of factors, such as the maturity group of hybrids, varietal characteristics, and elements of growing technology - the fraction of seeds and the depth of their wrapping. We determined the influence of weather conditions of the growing season on the grain content and starch yield per unit area in the studied hybrids, it was the highest in 2021 – 73.23% and 7.215 t/ha. The highest yield of starch was obtained in hybrids DKS 4082 - 7.475 t/ha and DK 315 - 7.51 t/ha. Starch content significantly depended on the maturity group of hybrids, in particular, the highest yield and starch content, on average over the years of research – 75.40% and 7.405 t/ha was found in the group of medium maturity hybrids. The difference in starch yield between the mid-early maturity group of hybrids and the mid-mature compared to the early maturity was 0.775-1.555 t/ha. The best values of starch content and yield were noted for the coarse grain fraction - 72.95% and 5.975-7.765 t/ha and 6.95 t/ha. The use of a shallow grain wrapping depth (4-5 cm) contributed to the content and yield of starch at the level of 70.73-73.88% and 5.795-7.385 t/ha, or an average of 6.645 t/ha, with an average wrapping depth of 7-8 cm - 70.84-74.67% and 5.745-7.605 t/ha, or on average 6.675 t/ha, significant depth - 10-11 cm - 70.69-74.23% and 5.575-7.515 t/ha, or in an average of 6.555 t/h. It was established that the highest content of starch compounds in corn grains, on average over the years of research, was 72.96% at a wrapping depth of 7-8 cm, while at a wrapping depth of 4-5 cm it was 72.45%, and at a depth of 10-11 cm – 72.76%. Similar trends were observed for the yield of bioethanol in the studied hybrids of corn. The highest yield of bioethanol was recorded in 2021 – 3,905 thousand l/ha, for the use of a large fraction of seeds 3,225-4,205 thousand l/ha, or on average for the fraction 3,735 thousand l/ha. The depth of seed wrapping had an ambiguous effect on the yield of bioethanol in the studied corn hybrids.

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