Agriculture and forestry

Pelekh Liudmyla Viktorivna – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior instructor of the department of agriculture, soils science and agrochemistry of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Sonyachna St., 3; e-mail: gogoluda69@gmail.com).

Drozda Oleksandr Viktorovych – postgraduate student of the department of agriculture, soils science and agrochemistry of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Sonyachna St., 3; e-mail: drozda.oleksandr@ukr.net).

An analysis of the most common diseases of soybeans in the forest-steppe of Ukraine was carried out. It was determined that the most common diseases were alternaria, powdery mildew, fusarium wilt, septoriosis, white rot, bacterial burns, etc. The species composition of diseases and the degree of their development were largely influenced by the weather conditions of the growing period. The reasons for the decrease in plant productivity and the decrease in the productivity of soybean seeds have been established. It was noted that an important point in the soybean protection system is the time of treatments. When determining the treatment time, you should first of all focus on the growth phase of the plant, and only then on the spread, presence or absence of the disease. The effectiveness of the use of fungicides in soybean agrocenosis is justified. The main active substances that are effective and control the phytosanitary condition of soybean crops for certain types of diseases are considered. A comprehensive and effective solution for the protection of soybean crops was found, namely Vibrance® RFC and Merivon® Pro poisons. Vibrance® RFC - its chemical composition contains fludioxonil 25 g/l, metalaxyl M 37 g/l and sedaxan™ 50 g/l. The increased rate of metalaxyl M improves the effectiveness of the product in the fight against systemic infections, namely ascochitosis, peronosprosis, pythiosis; fludioxonil provides reliable control against Fusarium spp (F. graminearum) and enhances control against Ascochyta spp. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Cercospora spp., Colletotrichum spp., Penicillium spp., Aspergillus niger, Phomopsis spp.; Sedaxan™ is an active ingredient that is simply essential for soybean seeds, as it is quite effective in protecting against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Cercospora spp., Colletotrichum spp, Phomopsis spp., which caused significant damage to crops in 2022. Additional adjuvants in the composition, which are components of Formula M®, increase efficiency by maximally uniform application and reliable retention of the drug on the seed. Merivon® Pro is designed to control root rot (fusarium, rhizoctoniosis, pythiosis), anthracnose, peronosporosis, ascochitosis, phomopsis, seed mold. The drug combines fluxapiroxad, which has unique mobility and effective action, and pyraclostrobin, which prevents the growth of fungal mycelium and suppresses the respiration of the pathogen. The results on experimental plots with a high background of fusarium and rhizoctoniosis show that when applying the registered rate of the poison, an increase of 0.33 t/ha can be obtained. This is almost 20% more than the control plots. In addition, the special formulation of these products is designed for safe simultaneous application together with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. This ensures that farmers can continue to use them to promote nitrogen fixation, a key factor in crop growth, while protecting the seed from disease.

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