Сільське господарство та лісівництво

Palamarchuk Vitalii – Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Plant Production, Selection and Bioenergetic cultures (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str. 3, е-mail: vd-palamarchuk@ukr.net).

Telekalo Nataliу – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Plant Production, Selection and Bioenergetic cultures (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str. 3, е-mail: nataliiatelekalo@gmail.com).

The article presents the results of studying the production of bioethanol from corn grain. The research was supposed to study the influence of elements of cultivation technology and vegetation factors on the yield of bioethanol from grain. Field researches were carried out during 2011-2017. on the experimental field of the Department of Plant Growing, Breeding and Bioenergetic Crops of the State Enterprise "Kordelivka" of the Institute of Potato Growing of the NAANU VNAU. The soils of the experimental plot are deep, medium-loamy black soil on loess, the humus content in the arable layer was 4.60%. Field experiments were laid in accordance with the recommendations set out in the "Methodology for field experiments with corn." The climatic conditions of 2011-2017 were favorable for the growth and development of corn, and in 2012 and 2015 were characterized by the limiting factor - humidity, which ultimately affected the productivity of the corn hybrids. The yield of bioethanol from raw materials was calculated as the yield of ethanol - its amount obtained from a ton of fermented carbohydrates in terms of starch. Research has established that the use of such hybrids of the early maturing group as DKS 2971, DKS 2960, DKS 2787, the mid-early group DKS 3472, DKS 3420, DKS 3476 and the mid-ripening group DKS  4964,  DK 315,  DKS  4626  and  DK  440  will significantly increase the yield of bioethanol per unit area. A delay in sowing corn hybrids leads to a decrease in the yield of bioethanol by 0.640-0.847 thousand. l / ha. Foliage fertilizing provided an increase in bioethanol yield, which averaged 0.1-1.04 thousand l / ha relative to control (water feeding), the growth of bioethanol yield with a single foliar top dressing was 0.10-0.65 thousand l / ha , and with double foliar feeding - 0.30-1.04 thousand l / ha in comparison with the control. The highest bioethanol yield was obtained for a double application of Ecolist Mono Zinc microfertilizer in combination with the bacterial preparation Biomag, the growth of which averaged 0.72-0.90 thousand l / ha relative to the control. In 2015, which turned out to be quite arid, the yield of bioethanol, on average, in the studied corn hybrids was 3.622 thousand l / ha, in 2016 - 4.494 thousand l / ha, and in 2017 - 4.230 thousand l / ha. The yield of bioethanol in the group of early-maturing hybrids was 3.365 thousand l / ha, medium-early - 4.096 thousand l / ha and mid-season - 4.885 thousand l / ha. The yield of bioethanol when sowing with seeds of a fine fraction, on average, fluctuated within 2.94-3.78 thousand l / ha, or on average for a fraction of 3.41 thousand l / ha, when sowing with seeds of an average fraction - 3.28- 4.36 thousand l / ha, or on average for a fraction of 3.81, and when sowing with seeds of a coarse fraction - 3.33-4.31 thousand l / ha, or on average for a fraction of 3.84 thousand l / ha. The seeding depth of corn seeds had an ambiguous effect on the yield of bioethanol from the grain, that is, an increase in the seeding depth leads to a decrease in the yield of bioethanol from the sowing unit. So, a significant influence of the studied elements of technology and vegetation factors on the yield of bioethanol in corn hybrids of different ripeness groups has been established. 

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