Agriculture and forestry

Vdovenko Serhii Anatoliyovych – doctor of agricultural sciences, professor, professor of the department of crop production and horticulture of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, 3 Sonyachna Street. email: sloi1964@i.ua).

The article presents the results of research on the cultivation of Eustoma L. plants in open ground conditions. According to the results of the observations, the beginning of the main phases  of the plant depended on varietal characteristics. The LittleBell eustoma variety was characterized  by a short period of vegetative mass formation. In the specified variety, the specified period was observed on the 113th day, which was earlier than the control variety by 3 days. The longest period  was established for the varieties Mermaid and Florida Pink. Favorable growing conditions ensured an earlier phase of budding and the beginning of flowering in the LittleBell variety, in which plants the first buds were observed already on the 115th day after the appearance of seedlings, and pepper flowering - on the 118th day. The difference to the control was as much as 4 and 2 days, respectively. As a result of the cultivation of other experimental varieties, the beginning of budding and the beginning of flowering was observed with some delay. A shorter period of the end of flowering was  observed for Flamenco, Aurora, LittleBell varieties (210-212 from emergence of seedlings) and a longer one for Heidi variety (225 days from emergence of seedlings). On the basis of the obtained data, the studied varieties of eustoma can be divided into two groups: to the first - varieties that are characterized by rapid passage of the main phases of growth and development, which include LittleBell and Aurora; to the second group - varieties with a longer growing season, namely: Echo, Heidi, Flamenco, Mermaid and Florida Pink. From the studied varieties, two groups of eustoma were distinguished according to the plant height indicator. The first group includes varieties that do not exceed a height 20 cm. This group includes LittleBell, Mermaid and Florida Pink varieties. The second group includes tall varieties that are capable of forming plants whose height can exceed 120 cm. This group includes the control variety Aurora, as well as Echo, Heidi, Flamenco. The total number of buds was in the range of 25-34 pieces. Eustoma varieties Echo and Heidi were characterized by the largest number, where their number was 34 and 33 pieces. As a result of the cultivation of the Florida Pink variety, the number of buds was the smallest and amounted to only 25 pieces, and it differed from the control variety Aurora by 5 buds. The attractiveness of the Eustoma L plant lies in the formation of a larger number of peduncles and the diameter of the  flower. Due to the formation of the appropriate vegetative mass, the total number of peduncles in a plant can be 25-34 pcs. A greater number of peduncles was found in the varieties Heidi and Echo, which have more peduncles than the control by 10-13%. The size of the flower is a characteristic feature of Eustoma L.. Most varieties of Eustoma were characterized by the formation of flowers with a relatively large diameter. Most varieties of  Eustomu are characterized by the formation of flowers with a relatively large diameter. The diameter of the flowers was in the range of 5-8 cm. As a result of the cultivation of the Echo and  Florida Pink varieties, the diameter of the flower was the smallest and was 5 cm, and it was inferior to the diameter of the flower of the control variety Aurora by 3 cm, or by 37%. The economic efficiency of growing Eystomy L. determined the obtaining of the maximum number of products with the lowest costs of labor and funds for the production of a unit of product. The total cost of growing high-quality Eystomy L. seedlings and plants was UAH 430.50.

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