Agriculture and forestry

Mazur Oleksandr Vasyliovych – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Plant Production and horticulture, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str., 3 е-mail: selection@vsau.vin.ua).

Mazur Olena Vasylivna – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of botany, genetics and plant protection, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str. 3).

Dmytrenko Olha Vasylivna – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior researcher, head of the laboratory of ecological safety of land, product quality and the environment of the State institution of Grunthorona.

The article presents the results of long-term studies of the influence of hydrothermal conditions on the elements of the yield structure of common bean forms. It was found that along with genotypic features, the hydrothermal conditions of the years of research have a significant influence on the level of trait manifestation. the most favorable conditions were noted in 2021, 2018 and 2016, it was during the research period of these years that the highest grain productivity of common bean forms was obtained. The lowest grain productivity was observed in the conditions of the least favorable hydrothermal regime, which were in 2015, 2017 and 2020. However, despite the general biological dependence, the research made it possible to rank common bean forms according to their response to changes in the hydrothermal regime of their cultivation. This made it possible to identify forms that respond well to improved growing conditions and those with a lower response to changes in the hydrothermal regime. The highest number of productive nodes during the research period was observed in varieties Great Northern 1140, haricot - 4.55 pcs, Mestnaya 82 - 5.32 pcs, Jamunada, haricot - 5.05 pcs, Mestnaya - 4.95 pcs. mainly these varieties were characterized by an increased response to the improvement of hydrothermal conditions, the coefficient of plasticity (bi˃1). In particular, in the varieties Mestnaya 82 - 1.49, Jamunada, haricot - 1.34, Mestnaya - 1.15, except for the variety Great Northern 1140, haricot, which was characterized by a conservative response to changes in the hydrothermal regime (bi<1). The number of beans per plant is determined by the number of productive nodes, beans per node, and growing conditions. Therefore, as well as by the number of productive nodes, the following varieties stood out: Great Northern 1140, haricot - 18.3 pcs, Mestnaya 82 - 21.5 pcs, Jamunada, haricot - 20.0 pcs, Mestnaya - 19.8 pcs. The highest indices of the number of beans per plant were observed in varieties characterized by a high response to the improvement of hydrothermal conditions. The number of seeds per plant is a derivative of the number of beans. Thus, the best varieties in terms of the number of seeds per plant, as well as the previous trait, were Great Northern 1140, haricot - 55 pcs, Mestnaya 82 - 63.9 pcs, Jamunada, haricot - 60 pcs, Karamtsa - 64 pcs, Mestnaya - 58 pcs. All these varieties, except Great Northern 1140, haricot, belong to highly plastic, the regression coefficient of which was above one. In terms of weight of 1000 grains, the varieties with the national catalog number UD0300658 were distinguished by 330 g, Kharkivs'kii - 256 g, and only Great Northern 1140, haricot, which had slightly higher average values of the number of productive nodes, number of beans per plant and number of seeds per plant, also showed slightly higher average values of weight of 1000 grains - 254 g. Thus, the grain productivity of common bean is determined by the average and above average values of the elements of the crop structure, and not by the maximum complementary combination of each structural element. The highest grain productivity was observed in common bean forms: Karamtsa - 12.2 g, Mistseva 82 - 11.5 g, Great Northern 1140, haricot - 11.3 g. It should be noted that these forms of common bean respond well to the improvement of hydrothermal growing conditions, the plasticity coefficient of these varieties was more than one. In addition, the variant stability of these varieties was as close to zero as possible.

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