Сільське господарство та лісівництво

Mazur Oleksandr  – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Plant Production, Selection and Bioenergetic Cultures, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str. 3, e-mail: selection@vsau.vin.ua).

Mazur Olena – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Аssistant of the Department of Plant Growing, Breeding and Bioenergetic Cultures, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str. 3).

Creating modern competitive varieties of crops requires a breeder combination in one genotype of high genetic potential with a favorable response rate to environmental conditions.  The high variability of traits, due to the diversity of genotypes, indicates the possibility of their change in the desired direction at different stages of the breeding process.

The varieties of common beans were distinguished by the number of productive nodes,i.e. UD0302642 – 5.2 pcs., UD0302683 – 4.8 pcs., UD0303533 – 4.75 pcs.  These regression coefficients were classified as highly plastic – (bi> 1).  The highest indexes of the selection index (seed weight / number of beans per plant) were obtained from the common bean varieties, i.e. UD0300658 – 0.8, UD0302746 – 0.69, UD0302256 and UD0300565 – 0.62.  These varieties belong to different genotypes in response to hydrothermal regime change.  The highest indexes of selection index (seed weight / number of seeds per plant) provided varieties of common beans, which were characterized by high response to the improvement of hydrothermal regime, UD0300658 – 0.27, UD0300232 – 0.21 and UD0302256 – 0.2.

The number of productive nodes is an important feature that determines the grain productivity of soybean varieties, the number of productive units determines the number of beans and seeds per plant. According to the number of productive nodes on the plant, soybean variety samples were distinguished, i.e. UD0202563 – 14.0 pcs., UD0200983 –  13.6 pcs., UD0202201 –  13.6 pcs., UD0202529 –  13.6 pcs. The high number of seeds on the plant, as well as the number of beans, provided varieties of soybeans, which were highly plastic in response to the improvement of the hydrothermal regime and conservative to change agrophone cultivation.  The high-plastic varieties included UD0202201, UD0202563, UD0202566. Conservative agrophone replacement cultivation included UD0200983 and UD0202529.  Higher grain productivity was provided by soybean varieties: UD0202566 – 5.6 g, UD0202201 –  5.5 g, UD0202557 –  5.4 g, UD0202529 – 5.4 g. These varieties according to the parameters of adaptability and stability were treated as highly plastic UD0202566,  UD0202201, UD0202557, so with a conservative reaction to the change in cultivation agrophone –  UD0202529.

Key words: varieties of beans, soybeans, adaptability parameters, plasticity coefficient, agronomic stability, stability variant.

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