Сільське господарство та лісівництво

Mazur Oleksandr Vasyliovych – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Crop Production and Horticulture, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str., 3 е-mail: selection@vsau.vin.ua).

Mazur Olena Vasylivna – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of botany, genetics and plant protection, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str. 3).

The article presents the results of long-term studies of the influence of hydrothermal conditions on the suitability of common beans for mechanized harvesting (plant height, attachment of lower beans, resistance to lodging). It was established that, along with genotypic features, the level of manifestation of signs has a significant influence on the hydrothermal conditions of the years of research. However, despite the general biological dependence, as a result of the research, it was possible to rank the forms of common beans according to the reaction to the change in the hydrothermal mode of their cultivation. This made it possible to identify forms that respond well to the improvement of growing conditions, as well as with a smaller reaction to a change in the hydrothermal regime. The tallness of the plants was noted in the variety Jamunada, haricot (UD0302683) - 72.3 cm, it should be noted that this variety has the highest coefficient of agronomic stability (As) - 95.91% and the lowest coefficient of variation - 4.09%. This is confirmed by the consistent distribution of the quantitative value of homeostaticity (Hom 1) and (Hom 2), which were the highest in this variety and amounted to 24.47 and 2.63. As well as the highest among our studies, the selection value (Sc) is 63.52. The height of attachment of the lower beans depends on the height of the plants. In particular, in varieties of common bean in which significant linear diameters of plant height were noted, high attachment of lower beans was also noted. This is, in particular, Mesetsova (UD0303533) – 17.0 cm, Jamunada, haricot (UD0302683) – 16.1 cm. However, along with these varieties, Karamtsa (UD0302746) – 16.9 cm and UD0300658 – 16.9 cm should be noted , which combine short stature with high attachment of lower beans.Since the height of plants in these varieties did not exceed 48.9-52.1 cm. Higher lodging resistance was noted in varieties that were not distinguished by their tall stature. In particular, the highest resistance to lodging was noted in the Gama variety (UD0300856) - 85.44%, while this variety had the lowest plant height - 41.2 cm. It should be noted that this variety belongs to highly plastic varieties in terms of its reaction to changes in the hydrothermal regime . Coefficient of ecological plasticity (bi) ˃ 1. This variety has the highest indicators of genotypic flexibility (GG) - 85.9%. In addition, high lodging resistance was noted in the variety UD0300658 - The highest coefficient of agronomic stability (As) in our studies is 91.12% and the lowest coefficient of variation (V.%) in our studies is 8.88%. This is confirmed by the consistent distribution of the quantitative value of homeostaticity (Hom 1) and (Hom 2), which were high in this variety and amounted to 11.25 and 0.56. One of the highest selection values (Sc) in our research is 67.4. The highest effects of genotype (EF) – 5.9%, genotypic flexibility (GG) – 85.8%, high stress resistance (SS) – 20%.

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