Сільське господарство та лісівництво

Okrushko Svitlana Yevhenivna – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences (PhD), Associate Professor of the Department of Botany, Genetics and Plant Protection of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (210083, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str. 3, e-mail: osy@vsau.vin.ua).

The article summarizes the research results on crops and weeds interaction, and the herbicide effect on weediness and their harmfulness in agrophytocenoses of winter wheat. A group of dicotyledonous weed species (89%) prevailed in the crops. Eliminating the competitive strain between plants by using the herbicide Ellay Super has had a positive impact on winter wheat vegetation. All experimental varieties responded by increasing both the total number of stems and the number of productive stems. A greater number of stems were formed in the areas where the herbicide was applied in autumn than when it was applied in spring for 2 experimental years. The share of productive stems from the total number ranged from 88.6% to 90.4%. There is a sharp decrease weediness level after the third stage of the crop’s cultivation (stem emergence) because the above-ground winter wheat shades and suppresses segetal vegetation. All experimental wheat varieties demonstrated a highly competitive ability to weeds, i.e., the index was above 80%. The mass of segetal vegetation was insignificant, i.e., 19-24 g/m2. However, their mass was 105-148 g/m2 on areas without crops. The lowest weed pressure index was in the Shestopalivka variety (80.4%), and the highest one was observed in the Legenda Bilotserkivska variety (83.8%) for two experimental years. Autumn application of Ellay Super herbicide provided better starting conditions for growth and development for all experimental varieties of winter wheat than spring application. It also allowed cultivated plants to realize their genetic potential and form a high yield level. The increase in grain yield was from 0.7 t/ha in the Karmeliuk variety to 0.73 t/ha in the Legenda Bilotserkivska variety. The highest yields (5.92 t/ha and 5.67 t/ha) were obtained on the plots of winter wheat of the Legenda Bilotserkivska variety.

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