Agriculture and forestry

Polishchuk Ivan – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Plant Production, Breeding and Bioenergy Crops of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str. 3).

Polishchuk Mykhailo – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, the chief of Agriculture, Soil Science and Agrochemistry chair of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsya, Soniachna Str. 3., e-mail: polishchuk.mikhaylo@ukr.net).

The article presents the data of the field research on the influence of sowing terms with the temperature regime of soil and sowing rates of soybean seeds of Omega Vinnytsia type in the conditions of the Forest Steppe of the Right Bank. It has been determined that sowing terms with the temperature regime of soil at a depth of 10 cm from 6,8,10 and 12 ° C have different effects on growth processes and formation of generative organs on the plant. Optimal sowing periods were the most favourable for intensive growth and development of soybean plants were temperature conditions within 8 and 10 ° C. Sowing at a soil temperature of 10 cm at a depth of 6 ° C reduced the stem height at all seed rates. The height of the lower bean attachment was reduced, as well as the number of beans on the plant and seeds in the bean, while the safety of plants during harvesting was also reduced. Intensive initial growth of soybean crops at sowing at 12° C resulted in increased attachment of lower beans to the stem, but the number of beans per plant and the number of seeds in a bean decreased significantly. The research of the efficiency of sowing soybean types Omega Vinnytsia 600, 700, 800 and 900 thousand germinated seeds per 1 hectare shows at a rate of 600 thousand pieces, stem height, because of their branching, was lower than at the sowing of 700 and 800 thousand n / ha. Also, the height of the lower beans, the number of beans per plant and the number of seeds in the bean were reduced. The highest biometric indicators and the number of generative organs on the plant were observed during sowing with the sowing rate of 700 and 800 thousand n/ha. The increase of soybean seed rate up to 900 thousand n / ha deteriorated biometric indicators of plants and the formation of generative organs. The survival of plants increased at sowing in 6 ° C of soil temperature and with an increase in sowing rate above 600 thousand n / ha. The weight of one thousand seeds changes to a  lesser extent depending on the timing of sowing and seed rate and its high indicators were noted at sowing in 8 and 10 ° C and seed rate 700 and 800 thousand n / ha. Increase of soybean seed rate up to 900 thousand n.p. / ha reduces the weight of 1000 seeds against other seed rates for 8-10 years. Years of research were favorable for growing soybeans and obtaining high levels of seed yields. The highest yield of soybean seeds of Omega Vinnytsia variety was obtained at the sowing rate of 10 ° C and it was at the rate of 600 thousand soybean seeds / ha - 36.0 centners / ha; 700 thousand soybean seeds - 44.7 centners / ha; 800 thousand soybean seeds / ha - 40.0 centners / ha and 900 thousand soybean seeds / ha - 38.2 centners / ha. The approximate yield of seeds was obtained at sowing at 8 ° C according to all norms of sowing of seeds in the same regularity as at sowing at 10 ° C. Increase of sowing rate up to 900 thousand n/ha leads to increase of seed yield but also to overspending of seeds and considerable decrease of individual productivity of plants. At the same time, sowing at soil temperature of 6 ° C was more effective than sowing at 12 ° C. and yield was at a rate of 600 thousand seeds. At the same time, sowing at soil temperature of 6 ° C was more efficient than sowing at 12 ° C, and the yield was at the rate of 600 thousand seeds - 27.4 centners / ha, 700 thousand seeds / ha - 33.8 centners / ha; 800 thousand seeds / ha - 29.7 centners / ha and 900 thousand seeds / ha - 30.6 centners / ha. And when sowing at 12 ° C, respectively, 26.4, 31.5, 29.1, 29.2 centners / ha.

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