Agriculture and forestry

Hetman Nadiia Yakivna – Doctor of Agricultural Sciences of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Associate Professor at the Department of Plant Production, Crop Breeding and Bioenergy Crops (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna St.3, e-mail: nadia.getman52@gmail.com).

The article presents the results of studies of the productivity of annual crops agrophytocenoses with peas depending on the use of different doses of mineral fertilizers and pre-sowing seed treatment with microelements. According to the biological characteristics of growth and development, the cereal components of grass mixtures differ in the duration of the growing season. Thus, the phase of milky ripeness of spring barley occurs 8-10 days earlier than that of spring triticale and 18-20 days earlier than that of oats. It was found that the created two- and three-component agrophytocenoses consisting of spring triticale, peas and white mustard were 19.5-27.6 % higher in green mass yield compared to spring barley in a mixture with peas and white mustard. The yield of dry matter was 8.42-8.93 and 1.132-1.189 t/ha of crude protein, which was 1.6-1.7 times higher than in the agrophytocenosis with spring barley as the dominant crop. The effectiveness of nitrogen fertilizers at a dose of 60 kg/ha of active ingredient, which provide an increase in the height of field pea plants - by 14.7 and 12.1% of fodder oats, compared to the application of 30 kg/ha on the background of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer (P30K30), was established. The treatment of seeds of both components of agrophytocenosis with microelements Zn and Mo, which was carried out before sowing, stimulated the growth processes of crops. Thus, the height of plants in fodder oats increased by 3.4-6.7 cm and in field peas - by 4.9-5.5 cm on the mineral background of nutrition. The positive effect of mineral fertilisers in a dose of N60P30K30 and seed treatment with trace elements Zn and Mo on the yield of nutrients in the agrophytocenosis was proved. A binary mixture of field peas with a seeding rate of 40% of the full seeding rate and fodder oats of 60% provided the highest dry matter yield of 10.3 and 2.24 t/ha of crude protein. It can be argued about the agrobiological feasibility of growing fodder oats and spring triticale with high-protein crops, which provide a conveyor supply of plant raw materials for harvesting various types of feed and the efficiency of using agrometeorological resources during the period of harvest formation.

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