Agriculture and forestry

Polishchuk Miкhaylo Ivanovych – сandidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Agriculture, Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Protection, Research Institute of Agricultural Technology and Nature Management of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsya, St. Sonyachna, 3, e-mail: polishchuk.mikhaylo@ukr.net, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6021-6124)

Khavhun Andriy Anatolievich is a graduate student of the Department of Agriculture, Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Technologies and Nature Management of VNAU (21008, Vinnytsia, 3 Sonyachna St. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7178-3151).

The article presents the results of comprehensive field studies conducted in 2023-2024 in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, aimed at studying the influence of mineral nutrition on the photosynthetic activity and productivity of corn hybrids (Zea mays L.). The study was carried out on podzolized medium loamy chernozems under weather conditions close to average long-term conditions. The objects of the study were hybrids of domestic selection DB Khotin (FAO 250) and DN Dnipro (FAO 300). The study scheme provided for a basic background N45P45K45 with nitrogen fertilization options (N30 in the phase of 3-5 leaves and flowering) and the use of biostimulants Organic-Balance, Azotofit-R (0.5 l/ha) and Aminorost (0.5-1.0 l/ha). It was established that the combination of mineral nutrition with biostimulants ensures the formation of a powerful photosynthetic apparatus, increases the leaf surface area by 20-25%, plant mass by 25-30%, and the net productivity of photosynthesis by 29% compared to the control. Activation of the enzymes Rubisco and PEP-carboxylase contributes to an increase in the intensity of carbon dioxide fixation, an increase in the chlorophyll content and optimization of nitrogen metabolism. As a result, complex fertilization increases the grain yield of the hybrids DB Khotyn and DN Dnipro to 9.8-9.9 t/ha, which is 38-41% more than the control, and also improves the quality indicators of the grain (protein content – up to 9.3%, starch – up to 73.8%). It is shown that integrated nutrition systems increase the energy efficiency of photosynthesis, the utilization rate of photosynthetically active radiation and the resistance of plants to short-term drought periods. It is proved that the combination of N45P45K45 + N30 + Organic-Balance + Azotofit-P + Áminorost with double nitrogen application is optimal for increasing the productivity and stability of corn crops in the climatic conditions of the Forest-Steppe. The results indicate the high efficiency of adaptive mineral nutrition technologies as a means of increasing photosynthetic potential, energy efficiency and environmental sustainability of production. 

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