Agriculture and forestry

Mazur Viktor Anatoliyovych – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Plant Growing, Breeding and Bioenergetic Cultures Department, Rector of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, Vice-President of the All-Ukrainian scientific-training consortium (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str. 3).

Vradiy Oksana Ihorivna – Assistant of the Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str. 3, e-mail: vradiy_oksana@mail.ru).

Soil is a unique indispensable natural resource, a solar energy storage, a basis for the life of plants, animals and humans, as well as a natural indicator of pollution of the environment. Soil contamination by heavy metals causes global interest on the part of modern science because of an increase in technogenic impact on the environment. Natural pollution of soils is due to the arrival of heavy metals and their various forms from maternal rocks and deep ore minerals. Rocks are the main natural sources of heavy metals for soils. The set and composition of their chemical elements define the chemical properties of soils. As a result of complex biochemical and geochemical processes occurring in the soil, there is a redistribution of individual elements between the genetic horizons, while the properties inherited by the soil from the breed are preserved. Today heavy metals are ones of the first technogenic pollutants of the environment. The large industrialized agglomerations are powerful sources of pollution of all components of the environment. The adverse effect of various heavy  metals leads to an increase in mortality, morbidity, deterioration of physical development and the further spread of premorbid conditions. The intensity of soil contamination of various agricultural lands with heavy metals and the physical and chemical parameters of soil in the conditions of the research area of VNAU at the Educational and Productive Complex “Agronomichne” was investigated. The humus content was found to be 2,43%, alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen – 75 mg/kg, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium – 174,5 and 120 mg per 1 kg of soil, respectively; pH of salt extract was 5,4. It was found that the concentration of lead, cadmium, copper and zinc was lower than the MPCs by 46,1, 41,2, 21,4 and 82,1 times, respectively,  in  the  agricultural areas where such annual crops as winter wheat were grown. In the areas where soybeans are grown, the concentrations of lead, cadmium, copper and zinc in the soil were lower than the MPCs by 50,0, 12,9, 37,5 and 100 times, respectively. In the areas where perennial legumes are grown, namely the pink clover, the concentration of lead, cadmium, copper and zinc was also lower than the MPCs by 60,0, 18,9, 20,0 and 85,1 times, respectively. The same tendency was observed in the agricultural areas where the sainfoin was grown. The concentration of lead, cadmium, copper and zinc was lower than the MPCs by 54,5, 28,0,  23,1 and 95,8 times, respectively. Consequently, the agricultural land data are not contaminated with heavy metals, therefore, they are favorable for the cultivation of different crops for the production of environmentally friendly products, as well as further research on these lands.

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