Agriculture and forestry

Okrushko Svetlana Evgenivna – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences (PhD), Senior Lecturer of the Department of Botany, Genetics and Plant Protection of Vinnitsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnitsia, Soniachna Str. 3, e-mail: osy@vsau.vin.ua).

The article summarizes the results of research on the structure of weed agrocenosis of vegetable peas; controlling the level of its weeding by performing pre-emergence and post-emergence harrowing with medium toothed harrows; evaluation of the chemical method of protection of vegetable peas from weeds, which involved the introduction of 2 types of herbicides, which contained such active substances as S-metallochlor and Imazamox. Part of the study areas was treated with the microfertilizer Reacoma-chelate of boron + molybdenum with a rate of 1.0 l / ha before flowering peas. As a result of research, it was found that in the structure of weed agrocenosis of vegetable peas the share of monocotyledonous weeds averaged 71.4% in two years of research and, accordingly, dicotyledonous - 28.6%. But the air-dry mass of cereal weeds was much lower than that of deciduous weeds. The implementation of agronomic measures alone did not allow to keep the presence of weeds in crops below the level of economic damage throughout the growing season. Prior to harvesting, this variant accounted for 18 weeds / m2 of weed stalks. This agricultural measure reduced the level of their presence by 69.5% and 45.8% of air-dry weight compared to the control option.   The application of a soil herbicide based on S-metallochlorine provided a reduction in the number of weeds in the month after spraying by 85.7% compared to the control version. Before harvesting vegetable peas, the number of weeds in the areas where the soil herbicide was applied was 11 pieces / m2, and the level of weeding decreased by 81.4% compared to the control variant. At the time of the second weed count, we found that the herbicide with the active ingredient Imazamox was 89.8% effective. Consecutive application of S-metallochlor and Imazamox with reduced consumption rates allowed to control the presence of weeds in agrophytocenoses throughout the growing season of vegetable peas. Weed mortality at the time of harvest in this variant averaged 89.8% over two years of research, and their above-ground air-dry mass was 95 g / m2. On average, in two years of our research, the yield of peas in the variants with the application of herbicides was 5.00-5,64 t / ha, which was 35.5-52.8% higher than in the control areas. The highest increase in pea yield was obtained with the successive application of S-metallochlor and Imazamox with reduced consumption rates. On the average for two years of researches it made 1.95 t / hectare. Before flowering of vegetables, the application of micro-fertilizer Reacom-chelate of boron + molybdenum with a consumption rate of 1.0 l / ha made it possible to obtain higher yields of 3.7-6.1% compared to uncultivated areas on agronomic and chemical weed protection options.

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