Сільське господарство та лісівництво

Polishchuk Mihaylo Ivanovych − сandidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, the chief of Agriculture, Soil Science and Agrochemistry chair of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsya, 3, Soniachna, e-mail: polishchuk.mikhaylo@ukr.net ).

The paper presents the results of two-year research to identify the growth, development, yield and quality of tubers of early-maturing potato Serpanok under the influence of fertilizer options and planting rates in the conditions of SE Artemida Kalinov district. DPDG "Artemida" of Kalinov district is located within the Kozyatyn structural - denudation watershed. According to agro-soil zoning it is referred to Uladovo-Pliskovsky agro-soil district, where mainly chernozem soils are found. On the territory of the enterprise two types of soils were formed: typical chernozem and onion chernozem. Typical chernozems occupy 96% of all soils of the farm. The territory of Kalinov district, where the research area is located, the climate is temperate-continental. The sum of temperatures above 10 ° C is 2500 ° C - 2600 ° C. The duration of the period with average daily temperatures above 5 ° C is 205 days, over 10 ° - 160 days. The date of temperature transition through + 5 ° С in the direction of temperature increase falls on the first decade of April. The average annual rainfall is 476 mm on average long-term data. Most precipitation falls in the summer months. The length of the growing season is 140-160 days. At the same time periods and dry winds are quite often observed. Climatic conditions in the years of field research show that they are favorable for growing agricultural crops. crops, including potatoes. Morphological indicators of the Serpanok variety change both from the applied norms of fertilizer application and from the density of standing plants, it should be noted the following, namely that the height of plants on average increases with increasing planting rate, the number of stems in the bush is more stable their number was observed on average according to the variant at a planting rate of 50 thousand / ha. Leaf area in our experiments with increasing planting rate from 50 to 60 thousand pieces / ha also decreases. It should also be noted that the highest values of morphological characteristics of potato plants were obtained in the variants of the experiment where the application was applied: Manure 40 t / ha + NPK120, Manure 40 t / ha + NPK120 and NPK120. The highest indicators of yield, marketability, starch collection, alcohol and bioethanol yield in Serpanok variety at different planting rates (50 - 60 thousand ha) for planting on April 25 were obtained in variants with the application of both organic and mineral fertilizers (Manure 40 t / ha + NPK90, Manure 40 t / ha + NPK120).

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