Сільське господарство та лісівництво

Yakovets Liudmyla – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior lecturer of the, Department of Botany, Genetics and Plant Protection of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna St. 3, e. mail: ludmila28334@gmail.com).

This article examines the problems of climate change and the impact of fertilizers on the productivity and quality of winter wheat. As a result of research, it has been established that in recent decades the world has undergone significant climate change, which causes serious problems in the development of agriculture. The results of research show that the yield of winter wheat, which is obtained due to the potential fertility of soils, on average for 3 years was 2,5 t/ha. Systematic application of the fertilizers in crop rotation helped to increase the yield of winter wheat. After the treatment N60P60K60 the additions in 1,0 t/ha to the control have been received. On the plots where winter wheat was tested the aftereffect of manure 30 t/ha in combination with N60P60K60 increases the yield on 1,0 and 1,3 t/ha respectively. The highest yield of winter wheat obtained by application of mineral fertilizers in quantity N120P120K120 was 3,7 t/ha. On the control option the average protein content was 12,13. The record amount of protein observed after N120P120K120 application was 13,28. It should be noted that the quality of the gluten protein content and the winter wheat grain in all these tests is significantly higher compared with controls. The average gluten content in the control test was 20,3, while during the fertilizer using it varied in the range of 23,5–27,3. The highest protein was observed after N120P120K120 application 27,3. Besides that, the nitrate content in the grain and plants of winter wheat after different doses of mineral and organic fertilizers have been examined. It should be noted that the nitrate content in winter wheat grain is independent from the fertilizer and varied from 44,0 to 50,0 mg/kg, in the straw this dependence has been slightly observed. So if the control has 128,6 mg/kg nitrate content, in the fertilized tests it varied from 128,6 to 155,0 mg/kg. Maximum nitrate content was on the plot after the minimum N60P60K60 application and manure usage at 30 t/ha. Comparative study of the influence of mineral and organic fertilizers, as well as their combinations showed that after the application of organic fertilizer fewer nitrates accumulates in plants than after mineral and organic-mineral.

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