Agriculture and forestry

Vradii Oksana – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior lecturer of the Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Vinnytsia National Agrar an University (21008, Vinnytsia, 3, Soniachna St., e-mail: oksanavradii@gmail.com).

It has been studied that water is an invaluable resource without which the existence of all living things on the planet is impossible. And providing the population with high-quality drinking water is the basis for solving the main problem of environmental security, which concerns the hydrosphere of the planet. WHO experts have established that the cause of 80% of all diseases in the world is a violation of sanitary, hygienic and ecological norms for providing the population with drinking water and its unsatisfactory quality. This problem is also relevant for our country. Drinking water supply in Ukraine is characterized by the fact that more than 70% of all drinking water consumed by society is produced from surface sources and therefore depends on the level of ecological load on them. The water of rivers and other sources of water supply can be contaminated   with  substances that  have entered it with industrial, household, and agricultural discharges. Insufficiently purified and disinfected water can transmit various infectious diseases (viral hepatitis A, mouthvirus infection, typhoid, paratyphoid, dysentery and other intestinal infections), as well as helminth eggs, pathogens of protozoan diseases. Pathogenic agents can get into water with various impurities and waste, so water safety in terms of epidemics is one of the main requirements today. The influence of the level of mineralization of drinking water on the concentration of heavy metals in it was studied. The state of drinking water supply in Ukraine is analyzed, the pollution of  natural waters and measures to improve the quality of drinking water are characterized. The research of tap water, well water, and water from wells was conducted within the city of Busk, Zolochiv district, Lviv region. It was established that with an increase in the level of mineral content in drinking water, an increase in the concentration of heavy metals – Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu – was observed. Household additional purification of drinking water (well, water from a well, and tap water) contributed to the reduction of its mineral content, which was positively reflected in the reduction of heavy metals in it, in particular, Pb by 1.5 – 2.5 times, Cd by 1.6 – 2, 0 times, Zn by 1.6 – 2.7 times and Cu by 1.9 – 3.0 times. The issues of labor protection and population protection are analyzed.

1. Petrenko, N.F., Mokiienko, A.V., Platov, S.M. (2018). Zahalna hihiienichna otsinka yakosti pytnoi vody ta stanu pytnoho vodopostachannia v Ukraini [General hygienic assessment of the quality of drinking water and the state of drinking water supply in Ukraine]. Aktualni problemy transportnoi medytsyny: navkolyshnie seredovyshche; profesiine zdorovia; patolohiia – Actual problems of transport medicine: environment; occupational health; pathology, 4. 7-16 [in Ukrainian].

2. Ianishevska, K.D. (2018). Pravo na pytnu vodu yak aksioma v pravakh liudyny [The right to drinking water as an axiom in human rights]. Molodyi vchenyi – A young scientist, 10 (2). 699-702 [in Ukrainian].

3. Babiienko, V.V., Mokiienko, A.V. (2021). Hihiiena vody  ta vodopostachannia naselenykh mists: navchalnyi posibnyk [Water hygiene and water supply of populated areas: study guide]. Odesa: Pres-kurier – Odesa: Press courier. [in Ukrainian].

4. Turovska, H.I. (2017). Yakisna pytna voda – bazova  skladova zhyttiediialnosti liudyny [High-quality drinking water is a basic component of human life]. Molodyi vchenyi – A young scientist, 8. 413-416 [in Ukrainian].

5. Natsionalna dopovid «Pro yakist pytnoi vody ta stan pytnoho vodopostachannia v Ukraini u 2018 rotsi» Ukrainske vodne tovarystvo [National report "On the quality of drinking water and the state of drinking water supply in Ukraine in 2018" Ukrainian Water Society]. URL: http://waternet.ua/news/ newsletter/827/ [in Ukrainian].

6. Likho, O.A., Hakalo, O.I. (2020). Monitorynh pidzemnykh vod yak skladova upravlinnia ryzykamy pry zabezpechenni naselennia Rivnenskoi oblasti vodoiu [Groundwater monitoring as a component of  risk management in providing water to the population of the Rivne region]. Visnyk Natsionalnoho universytetu vodnoho hospodarstva ta pryrodokorystuvannia – Bulletin of the National University of Water Management and Nature Management, 2(90). 120-131 [in Ukrainian].

7. Pro stan ta zakhody po zabezpechenniu pytnoiu vodoiu naselennia Ukrainy, – roziasnennia Minrehionu. [About the state and measures to provide drinking water to the population of Ukraine - clarification of the Ministry of Regions]. URL: https: // www.minregion.gov.ua/ press/ news/ pro-stan-ta-zahody-po-zabezpechennyu- pytnoyu-vodoyu-naselennya-ukrayiny-rozyasnennya-minregionu/ (data zvernennia 17.04.2023) [in Ukrainian].

8. Zaitsev, V.V. (2018). Prohnozni ryzyky dlia zdorovia miskoho naselennia vid spozhyvannia pytnoi vodoprovidnoi vody, shcho mistyt pidvyshcheni rivni khloroformu [Estimated risks to the health of  the urban population from drinking tap water containing elevated levels of chloroform]. Ukrainskyi zhurnal medytsyny, biolohii ta sportu – Ukrainian Journal of Medicine, Biology and Sports, 3. 187-190 [in Ukrainian].

9. Zelena knyha. (2021). Rehuliuvannia rynku vodopostachannia ta vodovidvedennia [Green book. Regulation of the water supply and drainage market. BRDO Effective Regulation Office]. Ofis efektyvnoho rehuliuvannia BRDO. Kyiv. [in Ukrainian].

10. Korotkyi zvit shchodo prohresu vprovadzhennia Protokolu pro vodu i zdorovia v Ukraini u 2019 – 2021 rokakh [Brief report on the progress of the implementation of the Protocol on water and health  in Ukraine in 2019-2021]. URL:https://eu4waterdata.eu/images/pdf/ library/Ukraine_ 5th_reporting_ cycle_ UKR_ 022_final.pdf (data zvernennia: 14.08.2023) [in Ukrainian].

11. Pryroda ta viina: yak rosiiska ahresiia vplynula na dovkillia [Nature and War:  How Russian     Aggression     Affected     the     Environment].     URL:  https://www.slovoidilo.ua/2022/11/08/infografika/suspilstvo/pryroda-ta-vijna-yak- rosijska-ahresiya-vplynula-dovkillya (data zvernennia 25.03.2023) [in Ukrainian].

12. Zelinskyi, S.E. (2022). Vodopostachannia ta vodna bezpeka u  konteksti rosiiskoi ahresii [Water supply and water security in the context of russian aggression]. Kropyvnytskyi [in Ukrainian].

13. Cherez viinu blyzko 5 mln ukraintsiv ne maiut dostupu do pytnoi vody. Doroslyi pohliad na svit. [Because of the war, about 5 million Ukrainians do not have access to drinking water. An adult view of the world]. URL: https://lb.ua/society/2023/03/24/549899_cherez_viynu_blizko_5_mln_ukraintsiv.htm  l (data zvernennia17.08.2023) [in Ukrainian].

14. Metodyka vidboru prob vody dlia laboratornoho doslidzhennia. [Methods of water sampling for laboratory research]. URL: https://studopedia.com.ua (data zvernennia: 19.08.2023) [in Ukrainian].

15. Filtr-hlechyk ECOSOFT. [Filter jug ECOSOFT]. URL:https://ecosoft.ua/ua/filtr-kuvshin-maksima-zelenyy-5l/(data zvernennia 20.08.2023) [in Ukrainian].