Agriculture and forestry

Tsyhanskyi Viacheslav – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior lecturer of the Department of of Plant Production, Selection and Bioenergetic Crops of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna St. 3).

Tsyhanska Olena – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Landscape Management, Forestry, Horticulture and Viniculture of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna St. 3, e-mail: lenkatsiganskaya@gmail.com).

In order to improve soil fertility, increase the productivity of agricultural crops, including alfalfa, and to make the best use of mineral fertilizers it is expedient to carry out liming in the range of 1.0-1.5 under hydrolytic acidity. It provides an increase in the amount of 1.2-1.8 tons of feed units per hectare of rotation area. The mobility of toxic elements of aluminum and manganese decreases in the limed soil. These processes contribute to nodule formation and an increase in the nitrogen fixation of alfalfa. The intensified activity of nitrogen fixation processes occurring in the root zone of plants can be achieved with the use of physiologically active substances characterized by auxin-cytokine activity. Both associative and symbiotic nitrogen fixation processes are enhanced by virtue of plant growth stimulants. These preparations are the analogs of exogenous phytohormones of cytokine, gibberellin and auxin effect, and unsaturated fatty acids, carbohydrates, amino acids. They are used for pre-sowing seed treatment and top dressing of plants. The conceptual direction of the development of biotechnologies and biological nitrogen fixation in agriculture is the development of preparations in order to stimulate growth, increase the production of legumes. Creation is important the original complex compositions of multifactorial action, which combine the properties of plant growth regulators, fertilizer elements, means of plant resistance to stress and diseases. In light of this, the study of agrobiological methods of growing forage crops. Including alfalfa, with the use of plant growth regulators, as well as their combination with biological preparations based on active strains of nodule bacteria. It aims to improve the nitrogen nutrition of plants in the monoculture. Important is also a significant increase in the level of the biological conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into organic nitrogen-containing compounds. Is particularly relevant for the creation of sustainable production of feed raw materials and maximization of the biological potential of plants under the unstable soil and climatic conditions.

When growing agricultural crops, biologically fixed nitrogen is extremely important for legumes since this reduces the use of mineral fertilizers and the cost of production. Perennial legumes, in particular, alfalfa, are not only a source of high-protein feed, but they are the best precursors, especially for grains, cereals, and industrial crops. They not only increase their yields but also improve the soil structure and fertility. 

According to the results of our research, under the conditions of Right-Bank Forest-Steppe, the best conditions for the symbiotic activity of alfalfa seedlings were 

created under the conditions: Non-perishable growing method. The introduction of the herbicide in the year of sowing. Conduct calcining the full norm. Use of pre-sowing  seed  treatment  with  bacterial  preparation  risobofit  with  plant  growth  regulator Emistim S. Under these conditions, the maximum indicator of biologically fixed nitrogen is formed-236.1 kg/ha.

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