Agriculture and forestry

Galina Vasylivna Hutsol − Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (St. Sonyachna, 3, Vinnytsia city, 21008, e-mail: gucolg@ukr.net, 0680409707).

Ovcharuk Ivanna Ivanivna − graduate student of the Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (St. Sonyachna, 3, Vinnytsia city, 21008, e-mail: ivannaprotopish@gmail.com, 0674185294).

The optimal temperature for the germination of winter wheat seeds is 12-18 °C, the minimum temperature is 1-2 °C, and the maximum temperature is 36-38 °C. The optimal time for sowing winter wheat, taking into account global warming, is determined by the average daily air temperature, which should be 14-16 °C. At this temperature, winter wheat seedlings appear on the 7-9th day, and at a temperature of 20 °C - on the 5-6th day. Weeding begins after the formation of 3-4 leaves in plants, approximately 23-27 days after the emergence of seedlings. It has been established that at the optimal time for sowing winter wheat until the end of autumn vegetation, weeding should last for 30-35 days. Sowing dates also have an effect on the height of winter wheat plants. Early sowing times contribute to obtaining the tallest plants before the onset of the winter rest period - 26-30 cm. With late sowing, plants reach a height of 16-13 cm. The purpose of the research is to investigate the influence of different periods of winter wheat sowing on the features of its autumn growth and development. During the sowing of winter wheat in different periods, differences in the timing of the emergence of seedlings were observed. Seedlings of winter wheat appeared the fastest after sowing in the early period of September 1 - after 9 days. For sowing after 10 days - September 10, seedlings appeared 11 days after sowing, which was 2 days longer; a 20-day delay in sowing relative to September 1 - when sowing was carried out on September 20, led to a 4-day extension of the period of emergence of seedlings. When sowing winter wheat on September 30, seedlings appeared after 14 days, which was 5 days longer than when sowing on September 1. For sowing on October 10, the duration of the period until the emergence of seedlings was 15 days, which was 6 days longer than the emergence of seedlings for sowing on September 1. When winter wheat was sown at the latest date - October 20, seedlings appeared after 18 days - November 7, which was 9 days longer than when sowing on September 1. The autumn vegetation of winter wheat crops lasted from 30 to 80 days, depending on the time of sowing. The optimal period of autumn vegetation of winter wheat crops of 40-60 days was established for the period of its sowing from September 20 to October 10. The optimal duration of autumn weeding of winter wheat crops of 30-35 days was observed during its sowing on September 10-20. The highest field germination of seeds - 89.8-93.0% was established for winter wheat sowing in the period of September 1-30.

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