Agriculture and forestry

Palamarchuk Vitalii Dmytrovych – Doctor of agricultural sciences, associate professor of the department of plant production and horticulture, faculty of agronomy, horticulture and plant protection, educational and research institute of agricultural technologies and nature management, Vinnytsia national agrarian university (21008, Vinnytsia, Sonyachna st., 3 email: vd-palamarchuk@ukr.net).

Krychkovskyi Vadym – PhD in agronomy, senior lecturer at the department of plant growing and horticulture, faculty of agronomy, horticulture and plant protection, educational and research institute of agricultural technologies and nature management, Vinnytsia national agrarian university (21008, Vinnytsia, Sonyachna st., 3 email: 2112kv@gmail.com).

The article presents the results of studying the influence of sowing dates on the formation of elements of the yield structure, productivity and starch content in the grain of maize hybrids of different maturity groups. The research was conducted in the conditions of LLC "Organic-D" in the village of Sutisky, Vinnytsia region, during 2021-2022. The soils of the experimental plot are gray forest soils with medium loamy texture and slightly acidic reaction of the soil solution. The content of the main nutrients is typical for this type of soil. In the research, corn hybrids Amaros (FAO 230), Canyons (FAO 230), P9071 (FAO 280), Bogatyr (FAO 290), P9170 (FAO 320) and Burito (FAO 390) of different maturity groups were used in three sowing dates depending on the soil temperature at the depth of seed placement: early - +6-8°C, middle - +8-10°C and late - +10-12°C. It was found that the elements of the yield structure of the studied maize hybrids depended on the genetic characteristics of each hybrid and varied depending on the use of different sowing dates. The best conditions for the formation of the productivity of the studied maize hybrids in terms of the supply and distribution of heat and moisture resources were in 2021 compared to 2022, which ultimately affected the accumulation of starch in the grain and the level of yield. The highest values of cob length, number of grains per cob, weight of grains per cob, weight of 1000 grains were obtained, on average, in the experiment, when using early sowing - 18.9 cm, 469.5 pcs, 149.2 g, 276.1 g, while the use of the middle sowing period provided a cob length of 18.3 cm, 455.8 pcs., 140.7 g, 261.5 g and late sowing - 17.9 cm, 419.2 pcs., 128.5 g, 254.1 g, respectively. The use of early sowing (at a soil temperature of +6-8°C) allowed to form a yield, on average over the years of research, at the level of 7.87 t/ha, medium (at a soil temperature of +8-10°C) - 7.23 t/ha and late (at a soil temperature of +10-12°C) - 6.60 t/ha. The use of early sowing dates contributed to the formation of the amount of starch in the grain of the studied maize hybrids at the level of 71.33%, medium - 71.84% and late - 72.54%. That is, the delay in sowing dates from early to late to some extent increases the accumulation of starch in the grain, but due to a decrease in yield, the total starch yield of such crops is lower than in early crops. Delayed sowing leads to a decrease in starch yield per unit area by 0.415-0.829 t/ha, compared to early sowing.

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