Agriculture and forestry

Pelekh Liudmyla Viktorivna – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Lecturer at the Department of Agriculture, Soil Science and Agrochemistry of the Vinnytsia National Academy of Sciences (21008, Vinnytsia, 3/2 Soniachna St., е-mail: gogoluda69@gmail.com).

Ukraine's agricultural production is dominated by winter crops, with winter wheat accounting for the largest area. At the same time, due to dynamic climate change and unstable weather conditions in the autumn-winter and early spring periods, there is a need to reseed significant areas of winter crops every year. Spring triticale is one of the insurance crops. Due to its high productivity and unpretentiousness to growth and development conditions, its cultivation on large areas can contribute to a significant increase in food grain production. In the current conditions of reforming the agricultural sector of Ukraine's economy, as well as climate warming, there is an urgent need to develop agrotechnological methods that would ensure the efficient use of crop rotations in general. One of the methods to increase the efficient use of arable land in modern business conditions is to grow crops that produce less costly and competitive products. Triticale meets these requirements best of all. Modern varieties, in particular those of Ukrainian breeding, are characterized by high physical properties, and in terms of grain quality and technological properties of flour are not inferior, and in some respects even superior to bakery wheat. Thanks to this, spring triticale can be grown as a major food crop. To date, many technological methods have been developed that ensure sufficiently high grain yields of this crop both in irrigated and non-irrigated farming. However, the technology of triticale cultivation in the context of climate change remained insufficiently developed and studied. In particular, such important elements of the technology as triticale varieties, precursors and doses of mineral fertilizers have not been determined. Therefore, the study of the peculiarities of growth and development of high-yielding varieties of spring triticale and the introduction of basic methods of growing the crop, establishing the effect and interaction of the variety and mineral fertilizers, which significantly affect the yield and quality of grain, sowing and yielding qualities of seeds in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe are relevant, which determined the choice of the topic of the master's thesis. On average, over two years of research, the influence of different precursors was also significant in the cultivation of spring triticale. Thus, the most mineral fertilizers significantly influenced the formation of grain yield of spring triticale varieties, namely increased it, but a significant increase in yield - 1.58 t/ha was obtained only when N30P60K60.+ N30 was applied in the earing phase. Thus, the highest grain yield of the studied spring triticale varieties was obtained in the most favorable year of 2019 - 6.48 t/ha, in 2020 it was 5.99 t/ha, which is 0.49 t/ha less. The yield of the spring triticale variety Boriviter in 2019 was the highest and amounted to 6.48 t/ha, respectively, in 2020 it was 5.47 t/ha and on average for two years of research did not exceed 5.97 t/ha.

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