Agriculture and forestry

Zabarna Tatiana Anatolyivna  – Candidate of Agricultural Sciences (PhD), Senior Lecturer of the Department of Soil Management, Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Vinnytsia National Agrarian University (21008, Vinnytsia, Soniachna Str.3, е-mail zabarna-tanja@ukr.net).

Winter wheat, especially its modern high-yielding varieties, is characterized by increased requirements for soil fertility, moisture content in it and its purity from weeds. Significant influence on these indicators has predecessors. According to the recommendations of scientific institutions, the experience of producers, in the forest-steppe zone, the best predecessors for winter wheat are clover, soybeans, corn and other crops. 

In the article the results of the comprehensive estimation of winter wheat precursors concerning their influence on a severalr of water and physical properties of the soil are consedered.  The productive moisture reserves in the meter and arable horizons in the context of three main precursors such as clover, soy and corn are estimated. In the conditions of a sharp increase in the acreage of soybeans, which has been observed recently in Ukraine, the question of the possibility of using it as a precursor   for  winter  wheat  has become very important. Soybean is not  the   best

precursor for winter wheat, but it has a positive effect on individual elements of the crop structure. A detailed study requires the study of its effectiveness in comparison with peas and annual herbs, when sowing the main crop at the optimum time

A corresponding trend has been established for soil density. In this regard, in conditions of warming and an increase in the number of years with a drought period from September to October, in the conditions of the Vinnytsia region, it is advisable to use classical clover, or as a less productive alternative to soy.

It has been established that the optimal combination of sufficient reserves of productive moisture with optimal soil density parameters in the variant of the clover as a precursor is achieved. The application of soybeen in this plan has caused an average decrease in the productive moisture reserves by 12-18,9%, and a density of 2,5-3,1%, and maize by 24,8-34,2% and 8,7-9,3  %, respectively.

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